Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization 建立世界贸易组织（WTO）协定 背景资料：１９９４年４月１５日在摩洛哥的马拉喀什市举行的关贸总协定乌拉圭回合部长会议决定成立更具全球性的世界贸易组织（世贸组织），以取代成立于１９４７Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization
建立世界贸易组织（WTO）协定
背景资料：１９９４年４月１５日在摩洛哥的马拉喀什市举行的关贸总协定乌拉圭回合部长会议决定成立更具全球性的世界贸易组织（世贸组织），以取代成立于１９４７年的关贸总协定（ＧＡＴＴ）。
世贸组织是一个独立于联合国的永久性国际组织。该组织的基本原则和宗旨是通过实施市场开放、非歧视和公平贸易等原则，来达到推动实现世界贸易自由化的目标。１９９５年１月１日正式开始运作，负责管理世界经济和贸易秩序，总部设在日内瓦莱蒙湖畔的关贸总协定总部大楼内。１９９６年１月１日，它正式取代关贸总协定临时机构。
与关贸总协定相比，世贸组织管辖的范围除传统的和乌拉圭回合新确定的货物贸易外，还包括长期游离于关贸总协定外的知识产权、投资措施和非货物贸易（服务贸易）等领域。世贸组织具有法人地位，它在调解成员争端方面具有更高的权威性和有效性。
建立世贸组织的设想是在１９４７年７月举行的布雷顿森林会议上提出的，当时设想在成立世界银行和国际货币基金组织的同时，成立一个国际性贸易组织，从而使它们成为二次大战后左右世界经济的“货币－金融－贸易”三位一体的机构。１９４７年联合国贸易及就业会议签署的《哈瓦那宪章》同意成立世贸组织，后来由于美国的反对，世贸组织未能成立。同年，美国发起拟订了关贸总协定，作为推行贸易自由化的临时契约。１９８６年关贸总协定乌拉圭回合谈判启动后，欧共体和加拿大于１９９０年分别正式提出成立世贸组织的议案，１９９４年４月在摩洛哥马拉喀什举行的关贸总协定部长级会议才正式决定成立世贸组织。
The Parties to this Agreement,本协议各成员
Recognizing that their relations in the field of trade and economic endeavour should be conducted with a view to raising standards of living, ensuring full employment and a large and steadily growing volume of real income and effective demand, and expanding the production of and trade in goods and services, while allowing for the optimal use of the world’s resources in accordance with the objective of sustainable development, seeking both to protect and preserve the environment and to enhance the means for doing so in a manner consistent with their respective needs and concerns at different levels of economic development,
承认其贸易和经济关系的发展，应旨在提高生活水平，保证充分就业和大幅度稳步提高实际收入和有效需求，扩大货物与服务的生产和贸易，为持续发展之目的扩大对世界资源的充分利用，保护和维护环境，并以符合不同经济发展水平下各自需要的方式，加强采取各种相应的措施；
Recognizing further that there is need for positive efforts designed to ensure that developing countries, and especially the least developed among them, secure a share in the growth in international trade commensurate with the needs of their economic development,
进一步承认有必要作出积极的努力，以确保发展中国家，尤其是最不发达国家，在国际贸易增长中获得与其经济发展相应的份额；
Being desirous of contributing to these objectives by entering into reciprocal and mutually advantageous arrangements directed to the substantial reduction of tariffs and other barriers to trade and to the elimination of discriminatory treatment in international trade relations,
期望通过达成互惠互利的安排，切实降低关税和其它贸易壁垒，在国际贸易关系中消除歧视待遇，为实现上述目标作出贡献；
Resolved, therefore, to develop an integrated, more viable and durable multilateral trading system encompassing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, the results of past trade liberalization efforts, and all of the results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations,
从而决心建立一个完整的、更有活力的和持久的多边贸易体系，以包括关税与贸易总协定、以往贸易自由化努力的成果和乌拉圭回合多边贸易谈判的所有成果；
Determined to preserve the basic principles and to further the objectives underlying this multilateral trading system,
决心保持该多边贸易体制的基本原则和加强该体制的目标；
Agree as follows:协议如下：
Article I Establishment of the Organization 第一条 组织的建立
The World Trade Organization (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) is hereby established.
建立世界贸易组织（以下简称WTO）
Article II Scope of the WTO第二条 WTO的范围
1. The WTO shall provide the common institutional framework for the conduct of trade relations among its Members in matters related to the agreements and associated legal instruments included in the Annexes to this Agreement.
1．WTO应为其成员从事与本协议各附件中的协议及其法律文件有关的贸易关系，提供共同的体制框架。
2. The agreements and associated legal instruments included in Annexes 1, 2 and 3 (hereinafter referred to as “Multilateral Trade Agreements”) are integral parts of this Agreement, binding on all Members.
2．附件一、附件二和附件三中的各协议及其法律文件(以下称“多边贸易协议”)均是本协议的组成部分，并约束所有成员。
3. The agreements and associated legal instruments included in Annex 4 (hereinafter referred to as “Plurilateral Trade Agreements”) are also part of this Agreement for those Members that have accepted them, and are binding on those Members. The Plurilateral Trade Agreements do not create either obligations or rights for Members that have not accepted them.
3．本规定附件四中各协议及其法律文件(以下称“诸边贸易协议”)，对接受诸边贸易协议的成员而言，也是本协议的部分，并约束这些成员。对未接受诸边贸易协议的成员，诸边贸易协议不产生任何权利义务。
4. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 as specified in Annex 1A (hereinafter referred to as “GATT 1994”) is legally distinct from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, dated 30 October 1947, annexed to the Final Act Adopted at the Conclusion of the Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, as subsequently rectified, amended or modified (hereinafter referred to as “GATT 1947”).
4．附件一(1)中的关税与贸易总协定(以下称1994年关贸总协定）在法律上区别于1947年10月30日签订的关税与贸易总协定，后者附着于联合国贸易与就业预备会议第二次会议结束通过的最后文件，及其后来经核准、修正和修改的文本。
Article III Functions of the WTO 第三条 WTO的职能
1.The WTO shall facilitate the implementation, administration and operation, and further the objectives, of this Agreement and of the Multilateral Trade Agreements, and shall also provide the framework for the implementation, administration and operation of the Plurilateral Trade Agreements.
1．WTO应促进本协议和多边贸易协议的执行、管理、运作，以及进一步实现各协议的目标，并对诸边贸易协议的执行、管理和运作提供框架。
2. The WTO shall provide the forum for negotiations among its Members concerning their multilateral trade relations in matters dealt with under the agreements in the Annexes to this Agreement. The WTO may also provide a forum for further negotiations among its Members concerning their multilateral trade relations, and a framework for the implementation of the results of such negotiations, as may be decided by the Ministerial Conference.
2．WTO应为各成员处理与本协议各附件有关的多边贸易关系提供谈判场所。如果部长会议作出决定，WTO还可为各成员的多边贸易关系的进一步谈判提供场所，并为执行该谈判的结果提供框架。
3. The WTO shall administer the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (hereinafter referred to as the “Dispute Settlement Understanding” or “DSU”) in Annex 2 to this Agreement.
3．WTO应管理实施本协议附件二有关争端解决的规则与程序的谅解(以下称“争端解决谅解”或“DSU”)。
4. The WTO shall administer the Trade Policy Review Mechanism (hereinafter referred to as the “TPRM”) provided for in Annex 3 to this Agreement.
4．WTO管理实施附件三的贸易政策评审机制，WTO应和国际货币基金和国际复兴和发展银行及其附属机构进行适当的合作，以更好地协调制订全球经济政策
5. With a view to achieving greater coherence in global economic policy-making, the WTO shall cooperate, as appropriate, with the International Monetary Fund and with the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and its affiliated agencies.
5．为实现全球经济决策的更大一致性，世贸组织应酌情与国际货币基金组织和国际复兴开发银行及其附属机构进行合作。
Article IV Structure of the WTO 第四条 世贸组织的机构
There shall be a Ministerial Conference composed of representatives of all the Members, which shall meet at least once every two years. The Ministerial Conference shall carry out the functions of the WTO and take actions necessary to this effect. The Ministerial Conference shall have the authority to take decisions on all matters under any of the Multilateral Trade Agreements, if so requested by a Member, in accordance with the specific requirements for decision-making in this Agreement and in the relevant Multilateral Trade Agreement.
1．设立由所有成员的代表组成的部长级会议，应至少每2年召开一次会议。部长级会议应履行世贸组织的职能，并为此采取必要的行动。如一成员提出请求，部长级会议有权依照本协定和有关多边贸易协定中关于决策的具体要求，对任何多边贸易协定项下的所有事项作出决定。
2. There shall be a General Council composed of representatives of all the Members, which shall meet as appropriate. In the intervals between meetings of the Ministerial Conference, its functions shall be conducted by the General Council. The General Council shall also carry out the functions assigned to it by this Agreement. The General Council shall establish its rules of procedure and approve the rules of procedure for the Committees provided for in paragraph 7.
2．设立由所有成员的代表组成的总理事会，酌情召开会议。在部长级会议休会期间，其职能应由总理事会行使。总理事会还应行使本协定指定的职能。总理事会应制定自己的议事规则，并批准第7款规定的各委员会的议事规则。
3. The General Council shall convene as appropriate to discharge the responsibilities of the Dispute Settlement Body provided for in the Dispute Settlement Understanding. The Dispute Settlement Body may have its own chairman and shall establish such rules of procedure as it deems necessary for the fulfilment of those responsibilities.
3．总理事会应酌情召开会议，履行《争端解决谅解》规定的争端解决机构的职责。争端解决机构可有自己的主席，并制定其认为履行这些职责所必需的议事规则。
4. The General Council shall convene as appropriate to discharge the responsibilities of the Trade Policy Review Body provided for in the TPRM. The Trade Policy Review Body may have its own chairman and shall establish such rules of procedure as it deems necessary for the fulfilment of those responsibilities.
4．总理事会应酌情召开会议，履行TPRM中规定的贸易政策审议机构的职责。贸易政策审议机构可有自己的主席，并应制定其认为履行这些职责所必需的议事规则。
5. There shall be a Council for Trade in Goods, a Council for Trade in Services and a Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (hereinafter referred to as the “Council for TRIPS”), which shall operate under the general guidance of the General Council. The Council for Trade in Goods shall oversee the functioning of the Multilateral Trade Agreements in Annex 1A. The Council for Trade in Services shall oversee the functioning of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (hereinafter referred to as “GATS”). The Council for TRIPS shall oversee the functioning of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (hereinafter referred to as the “Agreement on TRIPS”). These Councils shall carry out the functions assigned to them by their respective agreements and by the General Council. They shall establish their respective rules of procedure subject to the approval of the General Council. Membership in these Councils shall be open to representatives of all Members. These Councils shall meet as necessary to carry out their functions.
5．设立货物贸易理事会、服务贸易理事会和与贸易有关的知识产权理事会（下称" TRIPS理事会"），各理事会应根据总理事会的总体指导运作。货物贸易理事会应监督附件1A所列多边贸易协定的实施情况。服务贸易理事会应监督《服务贸易总协定》（下称"GATS"）的实施情况。TRIPS理事会应监督《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》（下称"《TRIPS协定》"）的实施情况。各理事会应履行各自协定和总理事会指定的职能。它们应自行制定各自的议事规则，但需经总理事会批准。各理事会的成员资格应对所有成员的代表开放。各理事会应在必要时召开会议，以行使其职能。
6. The Council for Trade in Goods, the Council for Trade in Services and the Council for TRIPS shall establish subsidiary bodies as required. These subsidiary bodies shall establish their respective rules of procedure subject to the approval of their respective Councils.
6．货物贸易理事会、服务贸易理事会和 TRIPS理事会应按要求设立附属机构。各附属机构应自行制定各自的议事规则，但需经各自的理事会批准。
7. The Ministerial Conference shall establish a Committee on Trade and Development, a Committee on Balance-of-Payments Restrictions and a Committee on Budget, Finance and Administration, which shall carry out the functions assigned to them by this Agreement and by the Multilateral Trade Agreements, and any additional functions assigned to them by the General Council, and may establish such additional Committees with such functions as it may deem appropriate. As part of its functions, the Committee on Trade and Development shall periodically review the special provisions in the Multilateral Trade Agreements in favour of the least-developed country Members and report to the General Council for appropriate action. Membership in these Committees shall be open to representatives of all Members.
7．部长级会议应设立贸易与发展委员会、国际收支限制委员会和预算、财务与行政委员会，各委员会应行使本协定和多边贸易协定指定的职能，以及总理事会指定的任何附加职能。部长级会议还可设立具有其认为适当的职能的其他委员会。作为其职能的一部分，贸易与发展委员会应定期审议多边贸易协定中有利于最不发达国家成员的特殊规定，并向总理事会报告以采取适当行动。各委员会的成员资格应对所有成员的代表开放。
8. The bodies provided for under the Plurilateral Trade Agreements shall carry out the functions assigned to them under those Agreements and shall operate within the institutional framework of the WTO. These bodies shall keep the General Council informed of their activities on a regular basis.
8．诸边贸易协定项下规定的机构履行这些协定指定的职责，并在世贸组织的组织机构内运作。各机构应定期向总理事会报告其活动。
Article V Relations with Other Organizations 第五条 世贸组织与其他组织的关系
The General Council shall make appropriate arrangements for effective cooperation with other intergovernmental organizations that have responsibilities related to those of the WTO.
1．总理事会应就与职责上同世贸组织有关的政府间组织进行有效合作作出适当安排。
2. The General Council may make appropriate arrangements for consultation and cooperation with non-governmental organizations concerned with matters related to those of the WTO.
2．总理事会可就与涉及世贸组织有关事项的非政府组织进行磋商和合作作出适当安排。
Article VI The Secretariat 第六条 秘书处
There shall be a Secretariat of the WTO (hereinafter referred to as “the Secretariat”) headed by a Director-General.
1、世贸组织设立一个由总干事领导和秘书处。
2. The Ministerial Conference shall appoint the Director-General and adopt regulations setting out the powers, duties, conditions of service and term of office of the Director-General.
2．部长级会议应任命总干事，并通过列出总干事的权力、职责、服务条件和任期的条例。
3. The Director-General shall appoint the members of the staff of the Secretariat and determine their duties and conditions of service in accordance with regulations adopted by the Ministerial Conference.
3．总干事应任命秘书处职员，并依照部长级会议通过的条例，确定他们的职责和服务条件。
4. The responsibilities of the Director-General and of the staff of the Secretariat shall be exclusively international in character. In the discharge of their duties, the Director-General and the staff of the Secretariat shall not seek or accept instructions from any government or any other authority external to the WTO. They shall refrain from any action which might adversely reflect on their position as international officials. The Members of the WTO shall respect the international character of the responsibilities of the Director-General and of the staff of the Secretariat and shall not seek to influence them in the discharge of their duties.
4．总干事和秘书处职员的职责纯属国际性质。在履行其职责时，总干事和秘书处职员不得寻求或接受世贸组织之外任何政府或任何其他权力机关的指示。他们应避免任何可能对其国际官员身份产生不利影响的行动。世贸组织成员应尊重总干事和秘书处职员职责的国际性质，不得寻求在他们履行职责时对其施加影响。
Article VII Budget and Contributions 第七条 预算与会费
The Director-General shall present to the Committee on Budget, Finance and Administration the annual budget estimate and financial statement of the WTO. The Committee on Budget, Finance and Administration shall review the annual budget estimate and the financial statement presented by the Director-General and make recommendations thereon to the General Council. The annual budget estimate shall be subject to approval by the General Council.
1．总干事应向预算、财务与行政委员会提交世贸组织的年度概算和决算。预算、财务与行政委员会应审议总干事提交的年度概算和决算，并就此向总理事会提出建议。年度概算应经总理事会批准。
2. The Committee on Budget, Finance and Administration shall propose to the General Council financial regulations which shall include provisions setting out:
(a)the scale of contributions apportioning the expenses of the WTO among its Members; and
(b)the measures to be taken in respect of Members in arrears.
The financial regulations shall be based, as far as practicable, on the regulations and practices of GATT 1947.
2．预算、财务与行政委员会应向总理事会提出有关财务条例的建议，该条例应包括列出下列内容的规定：
（a）根据世贸组织费用确定的各成员会费分摊比例；及
（b）对拖欠会费成员所采取的措施。财务条例应尽可能依据GATT1947的条例和做法。
3. The General Council shall adopt the financial regulations and the annual budget estimate by a two-thirds majority comprising more than half of the Members of the WTO.
3．总理事会应以世贸组织半数以上成员的三分之二多数通过财务条例和年度概算。
4. Each Member shall promptly contribute to the WTO its share in the expenses of the WTO in accordance with the financial regulations adopted by the General Council.
4．每一成员应依照总理事会通过的财务条例，迅速向世贸组织交纳其在世贸组织费用中分摊的份额。
Article VIII Status of the WTO 第八条 世贸组织的地位
1. The WTO shall have legal personality, and shall be accorded by each of its Members such legal capacity as may be necessary for the exercise of its functions.
1. 世贸组织具有法律人格，世贸组织每一成员均应给予世贸组织履行其职能所必需的法定资格。
2. The WTO shall be accorded by each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the exercise of its functions.
2. 世贸组织每一成员均应给予世贸组织履行其职能所必需的特权和豁免。
3. The officials of the WTO and the representatives of the Members shall similarly be accorded by each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connection with the WTO.
3. 世贸组织每一成员应同样给予世贸组织官员和各成员代表独立履行与世贸组织有关的职能所必需的特权和豁免。
4. The privileges and immunities to be accorded by a Member to the WTO, its officials, and the representatives of its Members shall be similar to the privileges and immunities stipulated in the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, approved by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 21 November 1947.
4. 世贸组织一成员给予世贸组织、其官员及其成员的代表的特权和豁免应与1947年11月21日联合国大会批准的《联合国专门机构特权及豁免公约》所规定的特权和豁免相似。
5. The WTO may conclude a headquarters agreement.
5．世贸组织可订立一总部协定。
Article IX Decision-Making第九条 决策
The WTO shall continue the practice of decision-making by consensus followed under GATT 1947(1). Except as otherwise provided, where a decision cannot be arrived at by consensus, the matter at issue shall be decided by voting. At meetings of the Ministerial Conference and the General Council, each Member of the WTO shall have one vote. Where the European Communities exercise their right to vote, they shall have a number of votes equal to the number of their member States(2)which are Members of the WTO. Decisions of the Ministerial Conference and the General Council shall be taken by a majority of the votes cast, unless otherwise provided in this Agreement or in the relevant Multilateral Trade Agreement(3).
1．世贸组织应继续实行GATT1947所遵循的经协商一致作出决定的做法。除非另有规定，否则如无法经协商一致作出决定，则争论中的事项应通过投票决定。在部长级会议和总理事会会议上，世贸组织每一成员拥有一票。如欧洲共同体行使投票权，则其拥有的票数应与属世贸组织成员的欧洲共同体成员国的数目相等。部长级会议和总理事会的决定应以所投票数的简单多数作出，除非本协定或有关多边贸易协定另有规定。
2. The Ministerial Conference and the General Council shall have the exclusive authority to adopt interpretations of this Agreement and of the Multilateral Trade Agreements. In the case of an interpretation of a Multilateral Trade Agreement in Annex 1, they shall exercise their authority on the basis of a recommendation by the Council overseeing the functioning of that Agreement. The decision to adopt an interpretation shall be taken by a three-fourths majority of the Members. This paragraph shall not be used in a manner that would undermine the amendment provisions in Article X.
2．部长级会议和总理事会拥有通过对本协定和多边贸易协定所作解释的专有权力。对附件1中一多边贸易协定的解释，部长级会议和总理事会应根据监督该协定实施情况的理事会的建议行使其权力。通过一项解释的决定应由成员的四分之三多数作出。本款不得以损害第10条中有关修正规定的方式使用。
3. In exceptional circumstances, the Ministerial Conference may decide to waive an obligation imposed on a Member by this Agreement or any of the Multilateral Trade Agreements, provided that any such decision shall be taken by three fourths (4) of the Members unless otherwise provided for in this paragraph.
(a)A request for a waiver concerning this Agreement shall be submitted to the Ministerial Conference for consideration pursuant to the practice of decision-making by consensus. The Ministerial Conference shall establish a time-period, which shall not exceed 90 days, to consider the request. If consensus is not reached during the time-period, any decision to grant a waiver shall be taken by three fourths4 of the Members.
(b)A request for a waiver concerning the Multilateral Trade Agreements in Annexes 1A or 1B or 1C and their annexes shall be submitted initially to the Council for Trade in Goods, the Council for Trade in Services or the Council for TRIPS, respectively, for consideration during a time-period which shall not exceed 90 days. At the end of the time-period, the relevant Council shall submit a report to the Ministerial Conference.
3．在特殊情况下，部长级会议可决定豁免本协定或任何多边贸易协定要求一成员承担的义务，但是任何此类决定应由成员的四分之三 多数作出，除非本款另有规定。
（a）有关本协定的豁免请求，应根据经协商一致作出决定的做法，提交部长级会议审议。部长级会议应确定一不超过90天的期限审议该请求。如在此期限内未能协商一致，则任何给予豁免的决定应由成员的四分之三多数作出。
（b）有关附件1A、附件1B或附件1C所列多边贸易协定及其附件的豁免请求，应首先分别提交货物贸易理事会、服务贸易理事会或TRIPS理事会，在不超过90天的期限内审议。在该期限结束时，有关理事会应向部长级会议提交一份报告。
4. A decision by the Ministerial Conference granting a waiver shall state the exceptional circumstances justifying the decision, the terms and conditions governing the application of the waiver, and the date on which the waiver shall terminate. Any waiver granted for a period of more than one year shall be reviewed by the Ministerial Conference not later than one year after it is granted, and thereafter annually until the waiver terminates. In each review, the Ministerial Conference shall examine whether the exceptional circumstances justifying the waiver still exist and whether the terms and conditions attached to the waiver have been met. The Ministerial Conference, on the basis of the annual review, may extend, modify or terminate the waiver.
4．部长级会议给予豁免的决定应陈述可证明该决定合理的特殊情况、适用于实施豁免的条款和条件以及豁免终止的日期。所给予的期限超过1年的任何豁免应在给予后不迟于1年的时间内由部长级会议审议，并在此后每年审议一次，直至豁免终止。每次审议时，部长级会议应审查证明豁免合理的特殊情况是否仍然存在及豁免所附条款和条件是否得到满足。部长级会议根据年度审议情况，可延长、修改或终止该项豁免。
5. Decisions under a Plurilateral Trade Agreement, including any decisions on interpretations and waivers, shall be governed by the provisions of that Agreement.
5．一诸边贸易协定项下作出的决定，包括有关解释和豁免的任何决定，应按该协定的规定执行。
Article X Amendments 第10条 修正
Any Member of the WTO may initiate a proposal to amend the provisions of this Agreement or the Multilateral Trade Agreements in Annex 1 by submitting such proposal to the Ministerial Conference. The Councils listed in paragraph 5 of Article IV may also submit to the Ministerial Conference proposals to amend the provisions of the corresponding Multilateral Trade Agreements in Annex 1 the functioning of which they oversee. Unless the Ministerial Conference decides on a longer period, for a period of 90 days after the proposal has been tabled formally at the Ministerial Conference any decision by the Ministerial Conference to submit the proposed amendment to the Members for acceptance shall be taken by consensus. Unless the provisions of paragraphs 2, 5 or 6 apply, that decision shall specify whether the provisions of paragraphs 3 or 4 shall apply. If consensus is reached, the Ministerial Conference shall forthwith submit the proposed amendment to the Members for acceptance. If consensus is not reached at a meeting of the Ministerial Conference within the established period, the Ministerial Conference shall decide by a two-thirds majority of the Members whether to submit the proposed amendment to the Members for acceptance. Except as provided in paragraphs 2, 5 and 6, the provisions of paragraph 3 shall apply to the proposed amendment, unless the Ministerial Conference decides by a three-fourths majority of the Members that the provisions of paragraph 4 shall apply.
1．世贸组织任何成员均可提出修正本协定或附件1所列多边贸易协定条款的提案，提案应提交部长级会议。第4条第5款所列各理事会也可向部长级会议提交提案，以修正其监督实施情况的附件1所列相应多边贸易协定的条款。除非部长级会议决定一更长的期限，否则当提案正式提交部长级会议后90天内，部长级会议应经协商一致作出任何有关将拟议的修正提交各成员供接受的决定。除非第2款、第5款或第6款的规定适用，否则该决定应列明是否适用第3款或第4款的规定。如协商一致，部长级会议应立刻将拟议的修正提交各成员供接受。如在确定期限内，在部长级会议的一次会议上未能协商一致，则部长级会议应以成员的三分之二多数决定是否将拟议的修正提交各成员供接受。除第2款、第5款和第6款的规定外，第3款的规定适用于拟议的修正，除非部长级会议以成员的四分之三多数决定应适用第4款的规定。
2. Amendments to the provisions of this Article and to the provisions of the following Articles shall take effect only upon acceptance by all Members:
Article IX of this Agreement;
Articles I and II of GATT 1994;
Article II:1 of GATS;
Article 4 of the Agreement on TRIPS.
2．对本条的规定和下列各条款的修正应经所有成员接受方可生效：
本协定第9条；
GATT1994第1条和第2条；
GATS第2条第1款：
《TRIPS协定》第4条。
Amendments to provisions of this Agreement, or of the Multilateral Trade Agreements in Annexes 1A and 1C, other than those listed in paragraphs 2 and 6, of a nature that would alter the rights and obligations of the Members, shall take effect for the Members that have accepted them upon acceptance by two thirds of the Members and thereafter for each other Member upon acceptance by it. The Ministerial Conference may decide by a three-fourths majority of the Members that any amendment made effective under this paragraph is of such a nature that any Member which has not accepted it within a period specified by the Ministerial Conference in each case shall be free to withdraw from the WTO or to remain a Member with the consent of the Ministerial Conference.
3．对本协定条款的修正或对附件1A和附件1C所列多边贸易协定条款的修正，除第2款和第6款所列条款外，如其具有改变各成员权利和义务的性质，则经成员的三分之二多数接受后，应对接受修正的成员生效，并在此后对接受修正的每一其他成员自其接受时起生效。部长级会议可以成员的四分之三多数决定根据本款生效的任何修正是否属如下性质：在部长级会议对每种情况指定的期限内未接受修正的任何成员有权退出世贸组织，或经部长级会议同意，仍为成员。
4. Amendments to provisions of this Agreement or of the Multilateral Trade Agreements in Annexes 1A and 1C, other than those listed in paragraphs 2 and 6, of a nature that would not alter the rights and obligations of the Members, shall take effect for all Members upon acceptance by two thirds of the Members.
4．对本协定条款的修正，或对附件IA和附件IC所列多边贸易协定条款的修正，除第2款和第6款所列条款外，如其具有不改变各成员权利和义务的性质，则经成员的三分之二多数接受后，应对所有成员生效。
5. Except as provided in paragraph 2 above, amendments to Parts I, II and III of GATS and the respective annexes shall take effect for the Members that have accepted them upon acceptance by two thirds of the Members and thereafter for each Member upon acceptance by it. The Ministerial Conference may decide by a three-fourths majority of the Members that any amendment made effective under the preceding provision is of such a nature that any Member which has not accepted it within a period specified by the Ministerial Conference in each case shall be free to withdraw from the WTO or to remain a Member with the consent of the Ministerial Conference. Amendments to Parts IV, V and VI of GATS and the respective annexes shall take effect for all Members upon acceptance by two thirds of the Members.
5．除以上第2款的规定外，对GATS第一部分、第二部分和第三部分及相应附件的修正，经成员的三分之二多数接受后，应对接受修正的成员生效，并在此后对接受修正的每一其他成员自其接受时起生效。部长级会议可以成员的四分之三多数决定根据前述规定生效的任何修正是否属如下性质：在部长级会议对每种情况指定的期限内未接受修正的任何成员有权退出世贸组织，或经部长级会议同意，仍为成员。对GATS第四部分、第五部分和第六部分及相应附件的修正，经成员的三分之二多数接受后，应对所有成员生效。
6. Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Article, amendments to the Agreement on TRIPS meeting the requirements of paragraph 2 of Article 71 thereof may be adopted by the Ministerial Conference without further formal acceptance process.
6．尽管有本条其他规定，但是满足《TRIPS协定》第71条第2款要求的对该协定的修正，可由部长级会议通过，而无需进一步的正式接受程序。
7. Any Member accepting an amendment to this Agreement or to a Multilateral Trade Agreement in Annex 1 shall deposit an instrument of acceptance with the Director-General of the WTO within the period of acceptance specified by the Ministerial Conference.
7．任何接受对本协定或附件1所列多边贸易协定修正的成员，应在部长级会议指定的接受期限内，将接受书交存世贸组织总干事。
8. Any Member of the WTO may initiate a proposal to amend the provisions of the Multilateral Trade Agreements in Annexes 2 and 3 by submitting such proposal to the Ministerial Conference. The decision to approve amendments to the Multilateral Trade Agreement in Annex 2 shall be made by consensus and these amendments shall take effect for all Members upon approval by the Ministerial Conference. Decisions to approve amendments to the Multilateral Trade Agreement in Annex 3 shall take effect for all Members upon approval by the Ministerial Conference.
8．世贸组织任何成员均可提出修正附件2和附件3所列多边贸易协定条款的提案，此类提案应提交部长级会议批准。对附件2所列多边贸易协定修正的决定应经协商一致作出，这些修正经部长级会议批准后，应对所有成员生效。批准对附件3所列多边贸易协定修正的决定，经部长级会议批准后，应对所有成员生效。
9. The Ministerial Conference, upon the request of the Members parties to a trade agreement, may decide exclusively by consensus to add that agreement to Annex 4. The Ministerial Conference, upon the request of the Members parties to a Plurilateral Trade Agreement, may decide to delete that Agreement from Annex 4.
9．应属一贸易协定参加方的成员请求，部长级会议可决定将该贸易协定加入附件4，但此种决定只能经协商一致作出。应属一诸边贸易协定参加方的成员请求，部长级会议可决定将该协定从附件4中删除。
10. Amendments to a Plurilateral Trade Agreement shall be governed by the provisions of that Agreement.
10．对一诸边贸易协定的修正应按该协定的规定执行。
Article XI Original Membership 第11条 创始成员资格
The contracting parties to GATT 1947 as of the date of entry into force of this Agreement, and the European Communities, which accept this Agreement and the Multilateral Trade Agreements and for which Schedules of Concessions and Commitments are annexed to GATT 1994 and for which Schedules of Specific Commitments are annexed to GATS shall become original Members of the WTO.
1．本协定生效之日的GATT1947缔约方和欧洲共同体，如接受本协定、多边贸易协定、GATT1994所附减让与承诺表及GATS所附具体承诺减让表，则应成为世贸组织创始成员。
2. The least-developed countries recognized as such by the United Nations will only be required to undertake commitments and concessions to the extent consistent with their individual development, financial and trade needs or their administrative and institutional capabilities.
2．联合国承认的最不发达国家只需承担与其各自发展、财政和贸易需要或其管理和机构能力相符的承诺和减让。
Article XII Accession 第12条 加入
Any State or separate customs territory possessing full autonomy in the conduct of its external commercial relations and of the other matters provided for in this Agreement and the Multilateral Trade Agreements may accede to this Agreement, on terms to be agreed between it and the WTO. Such accession shall apply to this Agreement and the Multilateral Trade Agreements annexed thereto.
1．任何国家或在处理其对外贸易关系及本协定和多边贸易协定规定的其他事项方面拥有完全自主权的单独关税区，可按它与世贸组织议定的条件加入本协定。此加入适用于本协定及所附多边贸易协定。
2. Decisions on accession shall be taken by the Ministerial Conference. The Ministerial Conference shall approve the agreement on the terms of accession by a two-thirds majority of the Members of the WTO.
2．有关加入的决定应由部长级会议作出。部长级会议应以世贸组织成员的三分之二多数批准关于加入条件的协议。
3. Accession to a Plurilateral Trade Agreement shall be governed by the provisions of that Agreement.
3．一诸边贸易协定的加入应按该协定的规定执行。
Article XIII Non-Application of Multilateral Trade Agreements between Particular Members
第13条 多边贸易协定在特定成员间的不适用
This Agreement and the Multilateral Trade Agreements in Annexes 1 and 2 shall not apply as between any Member and any other Member if either of the Members, at the time either becomes a Member, does not consent to such application.
1．任何成员，如在自己成为成员时或在另一成员成为成员时，不同意在彼此之间适用本协定及附件1和附件2所列多边贸易协定，则这些协定在该两成员之间不适用。
2. Paragraph 1 may be invoked between original Members of the WTO which were contracting parties to GATT 1947 only where Article XXXV of that Agreement had been invoked earlier and was effective as between those contracting parties at the time of entry into force for them of this Agreement.
2．对于原属GATT1947缔约方的世贸组织创始成员，只有在这些缔约方以往已经援引GATT1947第35条，且在本协定对其生效时，该条款仍然在它们之间有效的前提下，第1款的规定方可在它们之间援引。
3. Paragraph 1 shall apply between a Member and another Member which has acceded under Article XII only if the Member not consenting to the application has so notified the Ministerial Conference before the approval of the agreement on the terms of accession by the Ministerial Conference.
3．对于根据第12条加入世贸组织的成员，只有在不同意对另一成员适用的一成员在部长级会议批准关于加入条件的协议之前，已按此通知部长级会议的前提下，第1款的规定方可在该两成员之间适用。
4. The Ministerial Conference may review the operation of this Article in particular cases at the request of any Member and make appropriate recommendations.
4．在任何成员请求下，部长级会议可审议本条在特殊情况下的适用情况，并提出适当建议。
5. Non-application of a Plurilateral Trade Agreement between parties to that Agreement shall be governed by the provisions of that Agreement.
5．诸边贸易协定参加方之间的不适用应按该协定的规定执行。
Article XIV Acceptance, Entry into Force and Deposit 第14条 接受、生效和交存
This Agreement shall be open for acceptance, by signature or otherwise, by contracting parties to GATT 1947, and the European Communities, which are eligible to become original Members of the WTO in accordance with Article XI of this Agreement. Such acceptance shall apply to this Agreement and the Multilateral Trade Agreements annexed hereto. This Agreement and the Multilateral Trade Agreements annexed hereto shall enter into force on the date determined by Ministers in accordance with paragraph 3 of the Final Act Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations and shall remain open for acceptance for a period of two years following that date unless the Ministers decide otherwise. An acceptance following the entry into force of this Agreement shall enter into force on the 30th day following the date of such acceptance.
1．本协定应开放供依照本协定第11条有资格成为世贸组织创始成员的GATT1947缔约方和欧洲共同体以签字或其他方式接受。此接受应适用于本协定及其所附多边贸易协定。本协定及其所附多边贸易协定应在部长们依照《乌拉圭回合多边贸易谈判结果最后文件》第3段所确定的日期生效，并在此日期起2年内开放供接受，除非部长们另有决定。本协定生效之后的接受应在此接受之日后的第30天生效。
2. A Member which accepts this Agreement after its entry into force shall implement those concessions and obligations in the Multilateral Trade Agreements that are to be implemented over a period of time starting with the entry into force of this Agreement as if it had accepted this Agreement on the date of its entry into force.
2．在本协定生效之后接受本协定的成员，应执行自本协定生效开始的期限内应执行的多边贸易协定中的减让和义务，如同该成员在本协定生效之日即接受本协定。
3. Until the entry into force of this Agreement, the text of this Agreement and the Multilateral Trade Agreements shall be deposited with the Director-General to the CONTRACTING PARTIES to GATT 1947. The Director-General shall promptly furnish a certified true copy of this Agreement and the Multilateral Trade Agreements, and a notification of each acceptance thereof, to each government and the European Communities having accepted this Agreement. This Agreement and the Multilateral Trade Agreements, and any amendments thereto, shall, upon the entry into force of this Agreement, be deposited with the Director-General of the WTO.
3．在本协定生效之前，本协定和多边贸易协定的文本应交存GATT1947缔约方全体的总干事。总干事应及时向己接受本协定的每一国政府和欧洲共同体提供一份本协定和多边贸易协定经核证无误的副本和每一份关于接受的通知。在本协定生效时，本协定和多边贸易协定及任何修正应交存世贸组织总干事。
4. The acceptance and entry into force of a Plurilateral Trade Agreement shall be governed by the provisions of that Agreement. Such Agreements shall be deposited with the Director-General to the CONTRACTING PARTIES to GATT 1947. Upon the entry into force of this Agreement, such Agreements shall be deposited with the Director-General of the WTO.
4．一诸边贸易协定的接受和生效应按该协定的规定执行。此类协定应交存GATT1947缔约方全体的总干事。在本协定生效时，此类协定应交存世贸组织总干事。
Article XV Withdrawal第15条 退出
Any Member may withdraw from this Agreement. Such withdrawal shall apply both to this Agreement and the Multilateral Trade Agreements and shall take effect upon the expiration of six months from the date on which written notice of withdrawal is received by the Director-General of the WTO.
1．任何成员均可退出本协定。此退出适用于本协定和多边贸易协定，并在世贸组织总干事收到书面退出通知之日起6个月期满后生效。
2. Withdrawal from a Plurilateral Trade Agreement shall be governed by the provisions of that Agreement.
2．一诸边贸易协定的退出应按该协定的规定执行。
Article XVI Miscellaneous Provisions 第16条 杂项条款
Except as otherwise provided under this Agreement or the Multilateral Trade Agreements, the WTO shall be guided by the decisions, procedures and customary practices followed by the CONTRACTING PARTIES to GATT 1947 and the bodies established in the framework of GATT 1947.
1．除本协定或多边贸易协定项下另有规定外，世贸组织应以GATT1947缔约方全体和在GATT1947范围内设立的机构所遵循的决定、程序和惯例为指导。
2. To the extent practicable, the Secretariat of GATT 1947 shall become the Secretariat of the WTO, and the Director-General to the CONTRACTING PARTIES to GATT 1947, until such time as the Ministerial Conference has appointed a Director-General in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article VI of this Agreement, shall serve as Director-General of the WTO.
2．在可行的情况下，GATT1947的秘书处应成为世贸组织秘书处，GATT1947缔约方全体的总干事在部长级会议依照本协定第6条第2款任命总干事之前，应担任世贸组织总干事。
3. In the event of a conflict between a provision of this Agreement and a provision of any of the Multilateral Trade Agreements, the provision of this Agreement shall prevail to the extent of the conflict.
3．在本协定的条款与任何多边贸易协定的条款产生抵触时，应以本协定的条款为准。
4. Each Member shall ensure the conformity of its laws, regulations and administrative procedures with its obligations as provided in the annexed Agreements.
4．每一成员应保证其法律、法规和行政程序与所附各协定对其规定的义务相一致
5. No reservations may be made in respect of any provision of this Agreement. Reservations in respect of any of the provisions of the Multilateral Trade Agreements may only be made to the extent provided for in those Agreements. Reservations in respect of a provision of a Plurilateral Trade Agreement shall be governed by the provisions of that Agreement.
5．不得对本协定的任何条款提出保留。对多边贸易协定任何条款的保留应仅以这些协定规定的程度为限。对一诸边贸易协定条款的保留应按该协定的规定执行。
6. This Agreement shall be registered in accordance with the provisions of Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.
6．本协定应依照《联合国宪章》第102条的规定予以登记。
DONE at Marrakesh this fifteenth day of April one thousand nine hundred and ninety-four, in a single copy, in the English, French and Spanish languages, each text being authentic.
1994年4月15日订于马拉喀什，正本一份用英文、法文和西班牙文写成，三种文本具有同等效力
Explanatory Notes: 说明：
The terms “country” or “countries” as used in this Agreement and the Multilateral Trade Agreements are to be understood to include any separate customs territory Member of the WTO.
In the case of a separate customs territory Member of the WTO, where an expression in this Agreement and the Multilateral Trade Agreements is qualified by the term “national”, such expression shall be read as pertaining to that customs territory, unless otherwise specified.
本协议和多边贸易协议中所称“国家”或“若干国家”，应理解为包括任何WTO单独关税地区成员。
在WTO单独关税地区成员的情况下，本协议和多边贸易协议中“国家的(‘国民的’)”一词，除非另有规定，应理解为与单独关税地区相关。
