SECTION 8: CONTROL OF ANTI-COMPETITIVE PRACTICES IN CONTRACTUAL LICENCES 第8节：在契约许可中反竞争做法的控制 Article 40第40条 1. Members agree that some licensing practices or conditions pertaining to intellectual property rights which restSECTION 8: CONTROL OF ANTI-COMPETITIVE PRACTICES IN CONTRACTUAL
LICENCES 第8节：在契约许可中反竞争做法的控制
Article 40第40条
1. Members agree that some licensing practices or conditions pertaining to intellectual property rights which restrain competition may have adverse effects on trade and may impede the transfer and dissemination of technology.
各成员同意，一些限制竞争的有关知识产权的许可做法或条件可对贸易产生不利影响，并会妨碍技术的转让和传播。
2. Nothing in this Agreement shall prevent Members from specifying in their legislation licensing practices or conditions that may in particular cases constitute an abuse of intellectual property rights having an adverse effect on competition in the relevant market. As provided above，a Member may adopt，consistently with the other provisions of this Agreement，appropriate measures to prevent or control such practices，which may include for example exclusive grantback conditions，conditions preventing challenges to validity and coercive package licensing，in the light of the relevant laws and regulations of that Member.
本协定的任何规定均不应阻止各成员在其立法中明确规定在特定情况下可构成对知识产权的滥用并对相关市场中的竞争产生不利影响的许可做法或条件。如以上所规定的，一成员在与本协定其他规定相符的条件下，可依据该成员的有关法律和规章，采取适当的措施以阻止或控制这类做法，包括诸如排他性的返授条件，阻止对许可效力提出异议的条件和强制性一揽子许可等。
3. Each Member shall enter，upon request，into consultations with any other Member which has cause to believe that an intellectual property right owner that is a national or domiciliary of the Member to which the request for consultations has been addressed is undertaking practices in violation of the requesting Member's laws and regulations on the subject matter of this Section，and which wishes to secure compliance with such legislation，without prejudice to any action under the law and to the full freedom of an ultimate decision of either Member. The Member addressed shall accord full and sympathetic consideration to，and shall afford adequate opportunity for，consultations with the requesting Member，and shall cooperate through supply of publicly available non-confidential information of relevance to the matter in question and of other information available to the Member，subject to domestic law and to the conclusion of mutually satisfactory agreements concerning the safeguarding of its confidentiality by the requesting Member.
一经请求，每一成员应与任何其他成员进行磋商，只要该成员有理由认为，作为被提出磋商申请的成员的国民或居民的知识产权所有人正在采取的做法违反其关于本节内容的法律和规章，并希望在不妨害按法律采取任何行动以及不损害任一成员作出最终决定的充分自由的情况下，使该立法得以遵守。被请求成员应对提出请求成员的磋商要求应给予充分和同情的考虑，并提供适当的机会，并在遵守国内法和就提出求成员的保障其机密性达成相互满意的协议的前提下，通过提供与该事项有关的、可以公开获得的非机密信息和该成员可获得的其他信息方面予以合作。
4. A Member whose nationals or domiciliaries are subject to proceedings in another Member concerning alleged violation of that other Member's laws and regulations on the subject matter of this Section shall，upon request，be granted an opportunity for consultations by the other Member under the same conditions as those foreseen in paragraph 3.
如一成员的国民或居民在另一成员中因违反该另一成员有关本节内容的法律和规章而受到起诉，则一经其请求，该另一成员应按与第3款预想的同样的条件给予其磋商机会。
PART III Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights第三部分 知识产权的实施
SECTION 1: GENERAL OBLIGATIONS第1节：一般义务
Article 41第41条
1. Members shall ensure that enforcement procedures as specified in this Part are available under their law so as to permit effective action against any act of infringement of intellectual property rights covered by this Agreement，including expeditious remedies to prevent infringements and remedies which constitute a deterrent to further infringements. These procedures shall be applied in such a manner as to avoid the creation of barriers to legitimate trade and to provide for safeguards against their abuse.
各成员应确保在其国内法中提供本部分规定的实施程序，以便对任何侵犯本协定保护所涵盖的知识产权的行为采取有效的行动，包括分子侵权的迅速救济措施和制止进一步侵权的救济措施。实施这些程序时，应避免对合法贸易造成障碍并为防止其被滥用而规定保障措施。
2. Procedures concerning the enforcement of intellectual property rights shall be fair and equitable. They shall not be unnecessarily complicated or costly，or entail unreasonable time-limits or unwarranted delays.
有关知识产权的实施程序应公平和公正。这些程序不应不必要地繁琐或费用高昂，也不应规定不合理的时限或导致不合理的迟延。
3. Decisions on the merits of a case shall preferably be in writing and reasoned. They shall be made available at least to the parties to the proceeding without undue delay. Decisions on the merits of a case shall be based only on evidence in respect of which parties were offered the opportunity to be heard.
对一案件是非曲直的裁决，最好采取书面形式并陈述理由。至少应在合理的时间内告知诉讼当事方，而又不造成在正当的延迟。对一案件是非曲直的裁决只应根据各方有机会听取的证据而定。
4. Parties to a proceeding shall have an opportunity for review by a judicial authority of final administrative decisions and，subject to jurisdictional provisions in a Member's law concerning the importance of a case，of at least the legal aspects of initial judicial decisions on the merits of a case. However，there shall be no obligation to provide an opportunity for review of acquittals in criminal cases.
诉讼当事方应有机会要求司法当局对行政裁决进行审查，并在遵守一成员法律中有关案
件重要性的司法管辖权规定的前提下，至少对案件是非曲直的初步司法裁决的法律方面进行审查。然而，对刑事案件中的无罪判决不应有义务提供审查机会。
5. It is understood that this Part does not create any obligation to put in place a judicial system for the enforcement of intellectual property rights distinct from that for the enforcement of law in general，nor does it affect the capacity of Members to enforce their law in general. Nothing in this Part creates any obligation with respect to the distribution of resources as between enforcement of intellectual property rights and the enforcement of law in general.
据理解，本部分并不产生任何建立与一般法律实施制度不同的知识产权实施制度的义务，也不影响各成员实施一般法律的能力。在实施知识产权与实施一般法律之间的资源分配方面，本部分的任何规定不产生任何义务。
SECTION 2: CIVIL AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES AND REMEDIES
第2节：民事和行政程序及救济
Article 42 Fair and Equitable Procedures
第42条 公平和公正的程序
Members shall make available to right holders11 civil judicial procedures concerning the enforcement of any intellectual property right covered by this Agreement. Defendants shall have the right to written notice which is timely and contains sufficient detail，including the basis of the claims. Parties shall be allowed to be represented by independent legal counsel，and procedures shall not impose overly burdensome requirements concerning mandatory personal appearances. All parties to such procedures shall be duly entitled to substantiate their claims and to present all relevant evidence. The procedure shall provide a means to identify and protect confidential information，unless this would be contrary to existing constitutional requirements.
各成员应使权利持有人11获得有关实施本协定涵盖的任何知识产权的民事司法程序。被告应有权获得及时和包含足够详细的书面通知，包括权利请求的依据。应允许当事方由独立的法律顾问代表出庭，并且程序不应规定强制本人出庭的过重要求。该程序的所有当事方均应有权陈述其权利请求和出示所有相关证据。该程序应提供一种识别和保护机密信息的办法，除非这违反现行宪法的要求。
Article 43 Evidence第43条 证据
1. The judicial authorities shall have the authority，where a party has presented reasonably available evidence sufficient to support its claims and has specified evidence relevant to substantiation of its claims which lies in the control of the opposing party，to order that this evidence be produced by the opposing party，subject in appropriate cases to conditions which ensure the protection of confidential information.
如若一当事方已出示可合理获得的足以支持其权利请求的证据，并表明与陈述其权利请求有关的证据在对方控制之下时，则司法当局在遵守适当情况下确保机密信息受到保护的条件下，命令对方出示该证据。
2. In cases in which a party to a proceeding voluntarily and without good reason refuses access to，or otherwise does not provide necessary information within a reasonable period，or significantly impedes a procedure relating to an enforcement action，a Member may accord judicial authorities the authority to make preliminary and final determinations， affirmative or negative，on the basis of the information presented to them，including the complaint or the allegation presented by the party adversely affected by the denial of access to information, subject to providing the parties an opportunity to be heard on the allegations or evidence.
如若一诉讼方在合理期限内自行且我正当理由拒绝提供或以其他方式不提供必要的信息，或明显阻碍与实施某一行动有关的程序，则一成员可授权司法当局在向其出示信息的基础上，作出肯定或否定的初步或最终裁决，包括由于被拒绝提供信息而受到不利影响的当事方提出的申诉或指控，但应向各当事方提供机会，就指控或证据进行听证。
Article 44 Injunctions第44条 禁令
1. The judicial authorities shall have the authority to order a party to desist from an infringement，inter alia to prevent the entry into the channels of commerce in their jurisdiction of imported goods that involve the infringement of an intellectual property right，immediately after customs clearance of such goods. Members are not obliged to accord such authority in respect of protected subject matter acquired or ordered by a person prior to knowing or having reasonable grounds to know that dealing in such subject matter would entail the infringement of an intellectual property right.
司法当局应有权责令一当事方停止侵权，特别是应有权在清关后立即阻止那些涉及知识产权侵权行为的进口商品进入其管辖范围内的商业渠道。如若这些受保护的客体是在某人知道或有合理的根据知道从事这些客体的交易会构成知识产权侵权之前获得或订购的，则各成员无义务给予这种授权。
2. Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Part and provided that the provisions of Part II specifically addressing use by governments，or by third parties authorized by a government，without the authorization of the right holder are complied with，Members may limit the remedies available against such use to payment of remuneration in accordance with subparagraph (h) of Article 31. In other cases，the remedies under this Part shall apply or，where these remedies are inconsistent with a Member's law，declaratory judgments and adequate compensation shall be available.
尽管有本部分其他条款的规定，但只要符合第二部分专门针对未经权利持有人授权的政府使用或政府授权的第三方使用而作的规定，各成员可将针对可使用的救济限于根据第31条(h)项应支付的报酬。在其他情况下，应适用本部分项下的救济，或如若这类救济与一成员的法律不符，则应采取公告式判决，并应给予适当的补偿。
Article 45 Damages第45条 损害赔偿金
1. The judicial authorities shall have the authority to order the infringer to pay the right holder damages adequate to compensate for the injury the right holder has suffered because of an infringement of that person's intellectual property right by an infringer who knowingly，or with reasonable grounds to know, engaged in infringing activity.
因为知道或有合理的理由知道其正在从事侵权活动，从而侵犯该人知识产权的侵权人，司法当局应有权责令其向权利持有人支付适当的损害赔偿金以补偿所遭受的损失。
2. The judicial authorities shall also have the authority to order the infringer to pay the right holder expenses，which may include appropriate attorney's fees. In appropriate cases， Members may authorize the judicial authorities to order recovery of profits and/or payment of pre-established damages even where the infringer did not knowingly，or with reasonable grounds to know, engage in infringing activity.
司法当局还应有权责令侵权人向权利人支付有关费用，其中可包括相应的律师费用。在适当的情况下，即使侵权人不知道或没有合理的理由知道他正在从事侵权活动，各成员也可授权司法当局责令其退还利润和／或支付法定的损害赔偿金。
Article 46 Other Remedies第46条 其他救济
In order to create an effective deterrent to infringement，the judicial authorities shall have the authority to order that goods that they have found to be infringing be，without compensation of any sort，disposed of outside the channels of commerce in such a manner as to avoid any harm caused to the right holder，or，unless this would be contrary to existing constitutional requirements，destroyed. The judicial authorities shall also have the authority to order that materials and implements the predominant use of which has been in the creation of the infringing goods be，without compensation of any sort， disposed of outside the channels of commerce in such a manner as to minimize the risks of further infringements. In considering such requests, the need for proportionality between the seriousness of the infringement and the remedies ordered as well as the interests of third parties shall be taken into account. In regard to counterfeit trademark goods，the simple removal of the trademark unlawfully affixed shall not be sufficient，other than in exceptional cases，to permit release of the goods into the channels of commerce.
为了有效制止侵权，司法当局应有权在不给予任何补偿的情况下，责令将已被发现侵权的货物清除出商业渠道，以避免对权利持有人造成任何损害，或下令将其销毁，除非这样做违背现行宪法的要求。司法当局还应有权在不给予任何补偿的情况下，责令将主要用于制造侵权货物的材料和工具清除出商业渠道，以便将发生进一步侵权的风险减少到最低限度。在考虑这类请求时，应考虑侵权的严重程度与给予的救济及第三方利益之间的均衡性。对于假冒商标货物，除了例外情况，仅除去非法贴上的商标并不足以允许该货物放行进入商业渠道。
Article 47 Right of Information第47条 知情权
Members may provide that the judicial authorities shall have the authority，unless this would be out of proportion to the seriousness of the infringement，to order the infringer to inform the right holder of the identity of third persons involved in the production and distribution of the infringing goods or services and of their channels of distribution.
各成员可规定，司法当局应有权责令侵权人告知权利持有人有关参与生产和分配侵权货物或服务过程中第三方的身份及其经销渠道，除非这种做与侵权的严重程度不相称。
Article 48 Indemnification of the Defendant第48条 对被告的赔偿
1.The judicial authorities shall have the authority to order a party at whose request measures were taken and who has abused enforcement procedures to provide to a party wrongfully enjoined or restrained adequate compensation for the injury suffered because of such abuse. The judicial authorities shall also have the authority to order the applicant to pay the defendant expenses，which may include appropriate attorney's fees.
如因一当事方的请求而采取措施且该当事方滥用实施程序，则司法当局应有权责令该当事方向受到错误禁止或限制的当事方就因这种滥用而遭受的损害提供适当的补偿。司法当局还应有权责令该申请当事方向被告支付包括适当的律师费用在内的费用。
2.In respect of the administration of any law pertaining to the protection or enforcement of intellectual property rights，Members shall only exempt both public authorities and officials from liability to appropriate remedial measures where actions are taken or intended in good faith in the course of the administration of that law.
就有关知识产权的任何保护或实施的法律而言，只有在管理该法律过程中采取或拟采取的行动是出于善意的情况下，各成员才可免除公共当局和其官员应承担的采取适当救济措施的责任。
Article 49 Administrative Procedures第49条 行政程序
To the extent that any civil remedy can be ordered as a result of administrative procedures on the merits of a case，such procedures shall conform to principles equivalent in substance to those set forth in this Section.
如由于行政程序对案件是非曲直的裁决而导致责令任何民事救济，则此种程序应符合与本节规定的原则在实质上相当的原则。
SECTION 3: PROVISIONAL MEASURES第3节：临时措施
Article 50第50条
1.The judicial authorities shall have the authority to order prompt and effective provisional measures：
司法当局有权责令采取迅速有效的临时措施以便：
(a)to prevent an infringement of any intellectual property right from occurring，and in particular to prevent the entry into the channels of commerce in their jurisdiction of goods， including imported goods immediately after customs clearance；
防止任何侵犯知识产权行为发生，特别是防止货物进入其管辖范围内的商业渠道，包括
结关后立即进入的进口货物；
(b)to preserve relevant evidence in regard to the alleged infringement.
保存关于被指控侵权的相关证据。
2.The judicial authorities shall have the authority to adopt provisional measures inaudita altera parte where appropriate，in particular where any delay is likely to cause irreparable harm to the right holder，or where there is a demonstrable risk of evidence being destroyed.
在适当时，司法当局应有权采取不作预先通知的临时措施，特别是当任何迟延很可能对权利持有人造成难以弥补的损害之时，或当有证据被销毁的显而易见的风险之时。
3.The judicial authorities shall have the authority to require the applicant to provide any reasonably available evidence in order to satisfy themselves with a sufficient degree of certainty that the applicant is the right holder and that the applicant's right is being infringed or that such infringement is imminent，and to order the applicant to provide a security or equivalent assurance sufficient to protect the defendant and to prevent abuse.
司法当局应有权要求申请人提供任何可合理获得的证据，以便使司法当局有足够程度的确定性，确信该申请人是权利持有人，且该申请人的权利正在受到侵犯或这种侵权已迫在眉睫，并有权责令申请人提供足以保护被告和防止滥用的保证金或其他相当的保护。
4.Where provisional measures have been adopted inaudita altera parte，the parties affected shall be given notice，without delay after the execution of the measures at the latest. A review，including a right to be heard，shall take place upon request of the defendant with a view to deciding，within a reasonable period after the notification of the measures，whether these measures shall be modified，revoked or confirmed.
如果已经采取不作预先通知的临时措施，则至迟应在执行该措施后即毫不迟延地通知受影响的各方。应被告的请求，应对这些措施进行审查，包括有权进行听证，以期在有关措施被告知各方后一段合理的期限内，决定这些措施是否应予修改、撤销或确认。
5.The applicant may be required to supply other information necessary for the identification of the goods concerned by the authority that will execute the provisional measures.
执行临时措施的当局可要求申请人提供识别有关货物的其他必要信息。
6.Without prejudice to paragraph 4，provisional measures taken on the basis of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall，upon request by the defendant，be revoked or otherwise cease to have effect，if proceedings leading to a decision on the merits of the case are not initiated within a reasonable period, to be determined by the judicial authority ordering the measures where a Member's law so permits or，in the absence of such a determination， not to exceed 20 working days or 31 calendar days, whichever is the longer.
在不损害第4款的情况下，如若导致根据案件是非曲直作出裁决的程序没有在一合理的期限内启动，则应被告的请求，根据第1款和第2款采取的临时措施应予以撤销或否则终止生效，该合理期限在一成员法律允许的情况下，由责令采取该措施的司法当局确定，如若未作出此确定，则不超过20个工作日或31个日历日，以时间长者为准
7.Where the provisional measures are revoked or where they lapse due to any act or omission by the applicant，or where it is subsequently found that there has been no infringement or threat of infringement of an intellectual property right，the judicial authorities shall have the authority to order the applicant，upon request of the defendant， to provide the defendant appropriate compensation for any injury caused by these measures.
如若临时措施被撤销或由于申请人的任何作为或不作为而失效，或如若随后发现不存在知识产权侵权或侵权的威胁，则应被告请求，司法当局应有权责令申请人向被告就这些措施造成受的任何损害提供适当补偿。
8.To the extent that any provisional measure can be ordered as a result of administrative procedures，such procedures shall conform to principles equivalent in substance to those set forth in this Section.
在作为行政程序的结果可责令采取任何临时措施的限度内，这种程序应符合与本节规定的原则在实质上相当的原则。
SECTION 4: SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS RELATED TO BORDER MEASURES 12
第4节：与边境措施相关的特别要求12
Article 51 Suspension of Release by Customs Authorities
第51条 海关当局中止放行
Members shall，in conformity with the provisions set out below，adopt procedures13 to enable a right holder, who has valid grounds for suspecting that the importation of counterfeit trademark or pirated copyright goods14 may take place，to lodge an applicationin writing with competent authorities, administrative or judicial，for the suspension by the customs authorities of the release into free circulation of such goods. Members may enable such an application to be made in respect of goods which involve other infringements of intellectual property rights，provided that the requirements of this Section are met. Members may also provide for corresponding procedures concerning the suspension by the customs authorities of the release of infringing goods destined for exportation from their territories.counterfeit trademark or pirated copyright goods may take place，to lodge an application in writing with competent authorities，administrative or judicial，for the suspension by the customs authorities of the release into free circulation of such goods. Members may enable such an application to be made in respect of goods which involve other infringements of intellectual property rights，provided that the requirements of this Section are met. Members may also provide for corresponding procedures concerning the suspension by the customs authorities of the release of infringing goods destined for exportation from their territories.
各成员应在符合下述规定的情况下，采取程序13使有正当理由怀疑假冒商标或盗版货物14的进口有可能发生的权利持有人，能够向行政或司法主管当局提出书面申请，要求海关当局中止放行这些货物进入自由流通。只要符合本节的要求，各成员可针对涉及其他知识产权侵权行为的货物提出这种申请。关于海关当局中止放行从其领土出口的侵权货物，各成员也可规定相应的程序。
Article 52 Application第52条 申请
Any right holder initiating the procedures under Article 51 shall be required to provide adequate evidence to satisfy the competent authorities that，under the laws of the country of importation，there is prima facie an infringement of the right holder's intellectual property right and to supply a sufficiently detailed description of the goods to make them readily recognizable by the customs authorities. The competent authorities shall inform the applicant within a reasonable period whether they have accepted the application and， where determined by the competent authorities，the period for which the customs authorities will take action.
要求任何启动第51条程序的权利持有人提供充分的证据，以使主管当局相信，根据进口国的法律，可初步推定权利持有人的知识产权受到侵犯，并提供有关货物的足够详细说明以便海关当局容易辨认。主管当局应在一合理期限内告知申请人是否已受理其申请，如主管当局已确定海关当局采取行动的时限，则应将该时限通知申请人。
Article 53 Security or Equivalent Assurance第53条 担保或同等保证
1.The competent authorities shall have the authority to require an applicant to provide a security or equivalent assurance sufficient to protect the defendant and the competent authorities and to prevent abuse. Such security or equivalent assurance shall not unreasonably deter recourse to these procedures.
主管当局应有权要求申请人提供足以保护被告和主管当局并防止滥用的担保或同等保证。
这种担保或同等保证不应不合理地妨碍诉诸这些程序。
2.Where pursuant to an application under this Section the release of goods involving industrial designs，patents，layout-designs or undisclosed information into free circulation has been suspended by customs authorities on the basis of a decision other than by a judicial or other independent authority，and the period provided for in Article 55 has expired without the granting of provisional relief by the duly empowered authority，and provided that all other conditions for importation have been complied with，the owner， importer，or consignee of such goods shall be entitled to their release on the posting of a security in an amount sufficient to protect the right holder for any infringement. Payment of such security shall not prejudice any other remedy available to the right holder，it being understood that the security shall be released if the right holder fails to pursue the right of action within a reasonable period of time.
如按本节项下提出的申请，海关当局根据非司法或其他非独立当局的裁决对涉及工业设计、专利、集成电路布图设计或未披露信息的货物中止放行其进入自由流通，而第55条规定的期限获得正当授权的当局未给予临时救济的情况下已到期，且只要满足有关进口的所有其他条件，则这种货物的所有人、进口商或收货人有权在为任何侵权提供一份足以保护权利持有人的担保后要求放行该货物。这种担保的支付不应损害对权利持有人的任何其他可获得的救济办法，据理解，如若权利持有人在一合理期限内未行使诉讼权，则该担保应予解除。
Article 54 Notice of Suspension第54条 中止放行的通知
The importer and the applicant shall be promptly notified of the suspension of the release of goods according to Article 51.
根据第51条对货物的中止放行应迅速通知进口商和申请人。
Article 55 Duration of Suspension第55条 中止放行的时限
If，within a period not exceeding 10 working days after the applicant has been served notice of the suspension，the customs authorities have not been informed that proceedings leading to a decision on the merits of the case have been initiated by a party other than the defendant，or that the duly empowered authority has taken provisional measures prolonging the suspension of the release of the goods, the goods shall be released，provided that all other conditions for importation or exportation have been complied with，in appropriate cases，this time-limit may be extended by another 10 working days. If proceedings leading to a decision on the merits of the case have been
initiated，a review，including a right to be heard, shall take place upon request of the defendant with a view to deciding，within a reasonable period，whether these measures shall be modified，revoked or confirmed. Notwithstanding the above，where the suspension of the release of goods is carried out or continued in accordance with a provisional judicial measure，the provisions of paragraph 6 of Article 50 shall apply.
如若向申请人送达中止放行的通知后不超过10个工作日的期限内，海关当局未被告知，并非被告的一当事方已启动该案是非曲直裁决的诉讼，或未被告正当授权的当局已采取临时措施延长货物中止放行的期限，则该货物应予以放行，只要有关进口或出口的其他所有条件都已满足；在适当情况下，这一时限可以再延长10个工作日。如果已启动该案是非曲直裁决的诉讼，则应被告请求，应进行审查，包括听证权，以便在一合理期限内决定这些措施是否应予以修改、撤销或确认。尽管有上述规定，但在根据临时司法措施中止或继续中止货物的放行，则应适用第50条第6款的规定。
Article 56 Indemnification of the Importer and of the Owner of the Goods
第56条 对进口商和货物所有权人的赔偿
Relevant authorities shall have the authority to order the applicant to pay the importer，the consignee and the owner of the goods appropriate compensation for any injury caused to them through the wrongful detention of goods or through the detention of goods released pursuant to Article 55.
有关当局应有权责令申请人向因被错误地扣押的货物或因扣押按第55条予以放行的货物而造成的损失，向进口商、收货人和货物所有权人支付适当的补偿。
Article 57 Right of Inspection and Information第57条 检验和知情权
Without prejudice to the protection of confidential information，Members shall provide the competent authorities the authority to give the right holder sufficient opportunity to have any goods detained by the customs authorities inspected in order to substantiate the right holder's claims. The competent authorities shall also have authority to give the importer an equivalent opportunity to have any such goods inspected. Where a positive determination has been made on the merits of a case，Members may provide the competent authorities the authority to inform the right holder of the names and addresses of the consignor，the importer and the consignee and of the quantity of the goods in question.
在不损害保护机密信息的情况下，各成员应授权主管当局向权利持有人提供充分的机会要求
海关当局对扣押货物进行检验，以证实权利持有人的权利请求。主管当局还应有权给进口商提供同等的机会对该货物进行检验。如对一案件的是非曲直已作出正面的确定，则各成员可授权主管当局将发货人、进口商和收货人的姓名和地址以及所涉及货物的数量告知权利持有人。
Article 58 Ex Officio Action第58条 依职权的行动
Where Members require competent authorities to act upon their own initiative and to suspend the release of goods in respect of which they have acquired prima facie evidence that an intellectual property right is being infringed：
如若各成员要求主管当局主动采取行动，并根据其获得的初步证据对证明一知识产权被侵权的货物中止放行，则：
(a)the competent authorities may at any time seek from the right holder any information that may assist them to exercise these powers；
主管当局可随时向权利持有人索取任何有助于行使这些权力的信息；
(b)the importer and the right holder shall be promptly notified of the suspension. Where the importer has lodged an appeal against the suspension with the competent authorities, the suspension shall be subject to the conditions，mutatis mutandis，set out at Article 55；
进口商和权利持有人应被迅速告知中止放行的行动，如若进口商向主管当局对中止放行提出上诉，则中止放行应符合作必要修改后第55条所规定的条件；
(c)Members shall only exempt both public authorities and officials from liability to appropriate remedial measures where actions are taken or intended in good faith.
只有在采取或拟采取的行动是出于善意的情况下，各成员才可免除公共当局和其官员应承担的采取适当救济措施的责任。
Article 59 Remedies第59条 救济
Without prejudice to other rights of action open to the right holder and subject to the right of the defendant to seek review by a judicial authority，competent authorities shall have
the authority to order the destruction or disposal of infringing goods in accordance with the principles set out in Article 46. In regard to counterfeit trademark goods，the authorities shall not allow the re-exportation of the infringing goods in an unaltered state or subject them to a different customs procedure，other than in exceptional circumstances.
在不损害权利持有人可采取的其他诉讼权并在遵守被告有权寻求司法当局进行审查的情况下，主管当局应有权根据第46条规定的原则责令销毁或处理侵权货物。对假冒商标货物，当局不应允许侵权货物在未作改变的状态下再出口或对其适用不同的海关程序，但例外情况除外。
Article 60 De Minimis Imports
Members may exclude from the application of the above provisions small quantities of goods of a non-commercial nature contained in travellers' personal luggage or sent in small consignments.
第60条 少量进口
对旅客个人行李中夹带的或小托运件中运送的非商业性的少量货物，各成员可排除上述规定的适用。
SECTION 5: CRIMINAL PROCEDURES 第5节：刑事程序
Article 61第61条
Members shall provide for criminal procedures and penalties to be applied at least in cases of wilful trademark counterfeiting or copyright piracy on a commercial scale. Remedies available shall include imprisonment and/or monetary fines sufficient to provide a deterrent，consistently with the level of penalties applied for crimes of a corresponding gravity. In appropriate cases, remedies available shall also include the seizure，forfeiture and destruction of the infringing goods and of any materials and implements the predominant use of which has been in the commission of the offence. Members may provide for criminal procedures and penalties to be applied in other cases of infringement of intellectual property rights，in particular where they are committed wilfully and on a commercial scale.
各成员应规定刑事程序和处罚，至少将其适用于具有商业规模的故意假冒商标或盗版案件。可获得的补救应包括足以起威慑作用的监禁和／或货币罚金，处罚程度应与适用于同等严重程度的犯罪所受到的处罚程度一致。在适当情况下，可获得的救济还应包括扣押、没收和销毁侵权货物和主要用于侵权活动的任何材料和工具。各成员可规定适用于其他知识产权侵权案件的刑事程序和处罚，特别是故意并具有商业规模的侵权案件。
PART IV Acquisition and maintenance of intellectual property rights and related inter-partes procedures
第四部分 知识产权的取得和维护及当事各方之间的相关程序
Article 62第62条
1.Members may require, as a condition of the acquisition or maintenance of the intellectual property rights provided for under Sections 2 through 6 of Part II，compliance with reasonable procedures and formalities. Such procedures and formalities shall be consistent with the provisions of this Agreement.
各成员可要求作为取得或维护第二部分第2节至第6节项下规定的知识产权一个条件，应符合合理的程序和手续。这种程序和手续应符合本协定的规定。
2.Where the acquisition of an intellectual property right is subject to the right being granted or registered，Members shall ensure that the procedures for grant or registration， subject to compliance with the substantive conditions for acquisition of the right，permit the granting or registration of the right within a reasonable period of time so as to avoid unwarranted curtailment of the period of protection.
如若知识产权的取得以该权利的给予或注册为前提，则各成员应确保，在符合取得权利的实质性条件的情况下，允许在一合理期限内给予或注册该权利，以避免无端地缩短保护期限。
3.Article 4 of the Paris Convention (1967) shall apply mutatis mutandis to service marks.
《巴黎公约》(1967)第4条作必要修改后应适用于服务标识。
4.Procedures concerning the acquisition or maintenance of intellectual property rights and，where a Member's law provides for such procedures，administrative revocation and inter partes procedures such as opposition，revocation and cancellation，shall be governed by the general principles set out in paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 41.
有关取得或维护知识产权的程序，当一成员的法律规定有这些程序时，行政撤销和诸如异议、撤销和取消等当事方之间的程序，应受第41条第2款和第3款规定的一般原则管辖。
5.Final administrative decisions in any of the procedures referred to under paragraph 4 shall be subject to review by a judicial or quasi-judicial authority. However，there shall be
no obligation to provide an opportunity for such review of decisions in cases of unsuccessful opposition or administrative revocation，provided that the grounds for such procedures can be the subject of invalidation procedures.
第4款项下所指的任何程序中的行政终局裁决均应由司法或准司法当局的审议。然而，在异议或行政撤销不成立的情况下，无义务提供机会对这种裁决进行审查，只要行使这种程序的根据可以成为无效程序的理由。
PART V Dispute Prevention and Settlement第五部分 争端的防止和解决
Article 63 Transparency第63条 透明度
1.Laws and regulations，and final judicial decisions and administrative rulings of general application，made effective by a Member pertaining to the subject matter of this Agreement (the availability，scope，acquisition，enforcement and prevention of the abuse of intellectual property rights) shall be published, or where such publication is not practicable made publicly available，in a national language，in such a manner as to enable governments and right holders to become acquainted with them. Agreements concerning the subject matter of this Agreement which are in force between the government or a governmental agency of a Member and the government or a governmental agency of another Member shall also be published.
由一成员实施的、有关本协定主题(知识产权的效力、范围、取得、实施和防止滥用)的法律规章，以及普遍适用的司法终局裁决和行政裁定，应以本国语言予以公布，或如若此种公布不可行时，则应使之可公开获得，以使各政府和权利持有人对其有所了解。一成员政府或政府机构与另一成员政府或政府机构之间缔结生效的有关本协定主题的协定也应予以公布。
2.Members shall notify the laws and regulations referred to in paragraph 1 to the Council for TRIPS in order to assist that Council in its review of the operation of this Agreement. The Council shall attempt to minimize the burden on Members in carrying out this obligation and may decide to waive the obligation to notify such laws and regulations directly to the Council if consultations with WIPO on the establishment of a common register containing these laws and regulations are successful. The Council shall also consider in this connection any action required regarding notifications pursuant to the obligations under this Agreement stemming from the provisions of Article 6ter of the Paris Convention (1967).
各成员应向TRIPS理事会通知第1款中所指的法律和规章，以帮助理事会审议本协定的实施。理事会应设法将各成员履行这项义务的负担减轻到最低程度，并且如若与WIPO就建立法律和规章的共同登记处的磋商获得成功，则可决定豁免直接向理事会这些通知法律和规章的义务。在这方面，理事会还应考虑就源自《巴黎公约》(1967)第6条之三的规定、在本协定项下产生的通知义务需要采取的任何行动。
3.Each Member shall be prepared to supply, in response to a written request from another Member，information of the sort referred to in paragraph 1. A Member，having reason to believe that a specific judicial decision or administrative ruling or bilateral agreement in the area of intellectual property rights affects its rights under this Agreement，may also request in writing to be given access to or be informed in sufficient detail of such specific judicial decisions or administrative rulings or bilateral agreements.
每一成员应准备按另一成员的书面请求提供第1款所指的信息。一成员如有理由认为某一在知识产权领域的具体司法裁决、行政裁定或双边协议影响其在本协定项下的权利，也可书面请求为其提供或向其充分告知这些具体司法裁决、行政裁定或双边协议的充足细节。
4.Nothing in paragraphs 1，2 and 3 shall require Members to disclose confidential information which would impede law enforcement or otherwise be contrary to the public interest or would prejudice the legitimate commercial interests of particular enterprises， public or private.
第1款、第2款和第3款中的任何规定均不应要求各成员披露那些会妨碍其执法或违背公共利益或损害无论是公营还是私营的特定企业的合法商业利益的机密信息。
Article 64 Dispute Settlement第64条 争端解决
1.The provisions of Articles XXII and XXIII of GATT 1994 as elaborated and applied by the Dispute Settlement Understanding shall apply to consultations and the settlement of disputes under this Agreement except as otherwise specifically provided herein.
由《争端解决谅解》所详细阐述和实施的1994年关贸总协定第22条和第23条的规定应适用于本协定项下产生的磋商和争端解决，除非其中另有具体规定。
2.Subparagraphs 1(b) and 1(c) of Article XXIII of GATT 1994 shall not apply to the settlement of disputes under this Agreement for a period of five years from the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement.
自《WTO协定》生效之日起5年内，1994年关贸总协定第23条第1款(b)项和(c)项不应适用于本协定项下的争端解决。
3.During the time period referred to in paragraph 2，the Council for TRIPS shall examine the scope and modalities for complaints of the type provided for under subparagraphs 1(b) and 1(c) of Article XXIII of GATT 1994 made pursuant to this Agreement，and submit its recommendations to the Ministerial Conference for approval. Any decision of the Ministerial Conference to approve such recommendations or to extend the period in paragraph 2 shall be made only by consensus，and approved recommendations shall be effective for all Members without further formal acceptance process.
在第2款所指的时期内，TRIPS理事会应审查根据本协定提出的并属于1994年关贸总协定第23条第l款(b)项和(c)项规定类型的起诉的范围和模式，并将其建议提交部长级会议批准。部长级会议关于批准这种建议或延长第2款中时限的任何决定只应通过协商一致作出，且经批准的建议应对所有成员生效，无需进一步的正式接受程序。
PART VI Transitional Arrangements第六部分 过渡性安排
Article 65 Transitional Arrangements第65条 临时性安排
1.Subject to the provisions of paragraphs 2，3 and 4，no Member shall be obliged to apply the provisions of this Agreement before the expiry of a general period of one year following the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement.
在遵守本条第2款、第3款和第4款的前提下，任何成员都无义务在《WTO协定》生效之日起1年的一般期限届满前适用本协定的规定。
2.A developing country Member is entitled to delay for a further period of four years the date of application，as defined in paragraph 1，of the provisions of this Agreement other than Articles 3，4 and 5.
一发展中国家成员有权将第1款规定的本协定规定的实施日期再推迟4年，但第3条、第4条和第5条规定除外；
3.Any other Member which is in the process of transformation from a centrally-planned into a market，free-enterprise economy and which is undertaking structural reform of its intellectual property system and facing special problems in the preparation and implementation of intellectual property laws and regulations，may also benefit from a period of delay as foreseen in paragraph 2.
正处于从中央计划经济向市场和自由企业经济转型过程中的任何其他成员，以及正在进行知识产权体制结构改革并在制订和实施知识产权法律和规章中面临特殊困难的成员，也可受惠于第2款所预想的延迟时期。
4.To the extent that a developing country Member is obliged by this Agreement to extend product patent protection to areas of technology not so protectable in its territory on the general date of application of this Agreement for that Member，as defined in paragraph 2， it may delay the application of the provisions on product patents of Section 5 of Part II to such areas of technology for an additional period of five years.
如若一发展中国家成员按照本协定有义务将产品专利保护扩大至根据第2款规定的、对其适用本协定的一般日期其领土内尚未接受保护的技术领域，则该成员可再推迟5年对这些技术领域适用本协定第二部分第5节关于产品专利的规定。
5.A Member availing itself of a transitional period under paragraphs 1，2，3 or 4 shall ensure that any changes in its laws，regulations and practice made during that period do not result in a lesser degree of consistency with the provisions of this Agreement.
利用第1款、第2款、第3款或第4款项下的过渡期的一成员，应保证在此期间其在法律、规章和做法的任何变化不会导致降低其与本协定规定一致性的程度。
Article 66 Least-Developed Country Members第66条 最不发达国家成员
1.In view of the special needs and requirements of least-developed country Members， their economic，financial and administrative constraints，and their need for flexibility to create a viable technological base，such Members shall not be required to apply the provisions of this Agreement，other than Articles 3，4 and 5，for a period of 10 years from the date of application as defined under paragraph 1 of Article 65. The Council for TRIPS shall，upon duly motivated request by a least-developed country Member，accord extensions of this period.
鉴于最不发达国家成员的特殊需要和要求，其在经济、财政和管理方面的局限性，及其为创立可行的技术基础所需的灵活性，不得要求这些成员在按第65条第1款定义的适用日期起10年内本协定的规定，但第3条、第4条和第5条除外。当最不发达国家成员提出有正当根据的要求时，TRIPS理事会应延长该期限。
2.Developed country Members shall provide incentives to enterprises and institutions in their territories for the purpose of promoting and encouraging technology transfer to
least-developed country Members in order to enable them to create a sound and viable technological base.
发达国家成员应推动其领土内的企业和组织，促进和鼓励向最不发达国家成员进行技术转让，以使这些成员创立一个良好和可行的技术基础。
Article 67 Technical Cooperation第67条 技术合作
In order to facilitate the implementation of this Agreement，developed country Members shall provide，on request and on mutually agreed terms and conditions，technical and financial cooperation in favor of developing and least-developed country Members. Such cooperation shall include assistance in the preparation of laws and regulations on the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights as well as on the prevention of their abuse，and shall include support regarding the establishment or reinforcement of domestic offices and agencies relevant to these matters, including the training of personnel.
为促进本协议的实施，发达国家成员对发展中国家和最不发达国家成员的请求，并按双方同意的条件，应提供有利于发展中国家和最不发达国家成员的技术和资金合作。这种合作应包括帮助制订有关知识产权保护和实施以及防止其滥用的法律和规章，并应包括支持设立或加强与这些事项有关的国内机关和机构，包括人员培训。
PART VII Institutional arrangements; final provisions第七部分 机构安排：最后条款
Article 68 Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
第68条 TRIPS理事会
The Council for TRIPS shall monitor the operation of this Agreement and，in particular， Members' compliance with their obligations hereunder，and shall afford Members the opportunity of consulting on matters relating to the trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights. It shall carry out such other responsibilities as assigned to it by the Members，and it shall，in particular, provide any assistance requested by them in the context of dispute settlement procedures. In carrying out its functions，the Council for TRIPS may consult with and seek information from any source it deems appropriate. In consultation with WIPO，the Council shall seek to establish, within one year of its first meeting，appropriate arrangements for cooperation with bodies of that Organization.
TRIPS理事会应监督本协议的实施，特别是各成员遵守本协定项下义务的情况，并应为各成员提供机会就与贸易有关的知识产权事项进行磋商。TRIPS理事会应履行各成员所指定的其他责任，特别是在争端解决程序方面向其提供要求的任何帮助。在履行其职能时，TRIPS理事会可向其认为适当的任何资料来源进行磋商并索取信息。经与WIPO磋商，理事会应寻求在其第一次会议后1年内达成与该组织下属机构进行合作的适当安排。
Article 69 International Cooperation第69条 国际合作
Members agree to cooperate with each other with a view to eliminating international trade in goods infringing intellectual property rights. For this purpose，they shall establish and notify contact points in their administrations and be ready to exchange information on trade in infringing goods. They shall，in particular，promote the exchange of information and cooperation between customs authorities with regard to trade in counterfeit trademark goods and pirated copyright goods.
各成员同意相互进行合作，以消除侵犯知识产权的货物的国际贸易。为此，它们应在其政府机构内设立联络点并就此进行通知，并准备就侵权货物的贸易交流信息。它们特别应就假冒商标货物和盗版货物的贸易而促进海关当局之间的信息交流和合作。
Article 70 Protection of Existing Subject Matter第70条 对现有客体的保护
1.This Agreement does not give rise to obligations in respect of acts which occurred before the date of application of the Agreement for the Member in question.
对于在本协定规定的成员适用之日前发生的行为，本协定不产生任何义务。
2.Except as otherwise provided for in this Agreement，this Agreement gives rise to obligations in respect of all subject matter existing at the date of application of this Agreement for the Member in question，and which is protected in that Member on the said date，or which meets or comes subsequently to meet the criteria for protection under the terms of this Agreement. In respect of this paragraph and paragraphs 3 and 4，copyright obligations with respect to existing works shall be solely determined under Article 18 of the Berne Convention (1971)，and obligations with respect to the rights of producers of phonograms and performers in existing phonograms shall be determined solely under Article 18 of the Berne Convention (1971) as made applicable under paragraph 6 of Article 14 of this Agreement.
除非本协定另有规定，否则本协定对于在本协定规定的成员适用之日已存在的、在上述日期受该成员保护、或符合或随后符合根据本协定条款规定的保护标准的所有客体产生义务。就本款以及第3款和第4款而言，涉及现有作品的版权义务应仅根据《伯尔尼公约》(1971)第18条确定，涉及录音制品制作者和表演者对现有录音制品享有权利的义务则应仅根据本协定第14条第6款适用的《伯尔尼公约》(1971)第18条确定。
3.There shall be no obligation to restore protection to subject matter which on the date of application of this Agreement for the Member in question has fallen into the public domain.
对于在本协定规定的成员适用之日已进入公有领域的客体，该成员无义务恢复保护。
4.In respect of any acts in respect of specific objects embodying protected subject matter which become infringing under the terms of legislation in conformity with this Agreement， and which were commenced，or in respect of which a significant investment was made， before the date of acceptance of the WTO Agreement by that Member，any Member may provide for a limitation of the remedies available to the right holder as to the continued performance of such acts after the date of application of this Agreement for that Member. In such cases the Member shall，however，at least provide for the payment of equitable remuneration.
对于有关包含受保护客体的特定对象所采取的任何行为，如若根据与本协定相符的立法条款规定构成侵权，且如若该行为在该成员批准本协定之日以前已经开始，或已经为此进行大量投资，则任何成员可就在其适用本协定之日起继续实施此类行为规定权利持有人可获得的救济限度。然而，在此情况下，该成员至少应规定支付公平的报酬。
5.A Member is not obliged to apply the provisions of Article 11 and of paragraph 4 of Article 14 with respect to originals or copies purchased prior to the date of application of this Agreement for that Member.
一成员无义务对于在其适用本协定之日前购买的原版或复制品适用第11条和第14条第4款的规定。
6.Members shall not be required to apply Article 31，or the requirement in paragraph 1 of Article 27 that patent rights shall be enjoyable without discrimination as to the field of technology，to use without the authorization of the right holder where authorization for such use was granted by the government before the date this Agreement became known.
如若在本协定众所周知之日前政府已给予这种使用的授权，其中权利持有人无需授权几可使用，则不要求各成员适用第31条规定，或第27条第l款关于专利权享有技术领域不受歧视的要求。
7.In the case of intellectual property rights for which protection is conditional upon registration，applications for protection which are pending on the date of application of this Agreement for the Member in question shall be permitted to be amended to claim any enhanced protection provided under the provisions of this Agreement. Such amendments shall not include new matter.
在知识产权的保护是以注册为条件的情况下，应允许对在本协定规定的成员适用之日前未决的保护申请应被允许加以修改，以便申请人要求本协定下项下规定的任何加强的保护。这种修改不应包括新的事项。
8.Where a Member does not make available as of the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement patent protection for pharmaceutical and agricultural chemical products commensurate with its obligations under Article 27，that Member shall：
如若截止《WTO协定》生效之日，一成员仍未按照第27条的义务对药品和农业化学产品获得专利保护，则该成员应：
(a)notwithstanding the provisions of Part VI, provide as from the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement a means by which applications for patents for such inventions can be filed；
尽管有第六部分的规定，自《WTO协定》生效之日起提供据以提出这种发明的专利申请方法；
(b)apply to these applications，as of the date of application of this Agreement，the criteria for patentability as laid down in this Agreement as if those criteria were being applied on the date of filing in that Member or, where priority is available and claimed，the priority date of the application；and
自本协定生效之日起，对这些申请适用本协定规定的授予专利的标准，如同这些标准在申请之日已在该成员中适用，或如若存在并请求优先权，则适用优先的申请日期；以及
(c)provide patent protection in accordance with this Agreement as from the grant of the patent and for the remainder of the patent term，counted from the filing date in accordance with Article 33 of this Agreement，for those of these applications that meet the criteria for protection referred to in subparagraph (b).
自授予专利时起和在根据本协定第33条提出申请之日起计算的剩余专利期限内，根据本协定对符合(b)项所指的保护标准的那些申请提供专利保护。
9.Where a product is the subject of a patent application in a Member in accordance with paragraph 8(a)，exclusive marketing rights shall be granted，notwithstanding the provisions of Part VI，for a period of five years after obtaining marketing approval in that Member or until a product patent is granted or rejected in that Member, whichever period is shorter，provided that，subsequent to the entry into force of the WTO Agreement，a patent application has been filed and a patent granted for that product in another Member and marketing approval obtained in such other Member.
如若根据第8款(a)项一产品在一成员中是专利申请的客体，则尽管有第六部分的规定，仍应授予专有销售权，期限或为在该成员中获得销售许可之后5年，或至一项产品专利在该成员中被授予或被拒绝时为止，以时间短者为准，只要《WTO协定》生效之后，一专利申请已在另一成员提出，一产品已获得专利，以及在该另一成员已获销售许可。
Article 71 Review and Amendment第71条 审议和修正
1.The Council for TRIPS shall review the implementation of this Agreement after the expiration of the transitional period referred to in paragraph 2 of Article 65. The Council shall，having regard to the experience gained in its implementation，review it two years after that date, and at identical intervals thereafter. The Council may also undertake reviews in the light of any relevant new developments which might warrant modification or amendment of this Agreement.
在第65条第2款所指的过渡期届满后，TRIPS理事会应审议本协定的实施情况。理事会应在考虑实施过程中获得经验的同时，在该日期之后2年内、并在其后以同样的间隔进行审议。理事会也可按照有理由修改或修正本协定的任何新的发展情况进行审议。
2.Amendments merely serving the purpose of adjusting to higher levels of protection of intellectual property rights achieved，and in force，in other multilateral agreements and accepted under those agreements by all Members of the WTO may be referred to the Ministerial Conference for action in accordance with paragraph 6 of Article X of the WTO Agreement on the basis of a consensus proposal from the Council for TRIPS.
仅为达适应在其他多边协议中达成和实施，并由WTO所有成员在这些协定项下接受的知识产权保护水平的修正之目的，在TRIPS理事会经协商一致所提建议的基础上，可根据《WTO协定》第10条第6款提交部长会议采取行动。
Article 72 Reservations第72条 保留
Reservations may not be entered in respect of any of the provisions of this Agreement without the consent of the other Members.
未经其他成员同意，不得对本协定的任何规定提出保留。
Article 73 Security Exceptions第73条 安全例外
Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed：本协定的规定不应解释为：
(a) to require a Member to furnish any information the disclosure of which it considers contrary to its essential security interests；or
要求一成员提供其认为如披露则违背其根本安全利益任何信息；或
(b) to prevent a Member from taking any action which it considers necessary for the protection of its essential security interests；
阻止一成员采取它认为对保护其根本安全利益所必需的任何行动；
(i) relating to fissionable materials or the materials from which they are derived；
与裂变物质或衍生这些物质的物质有关的行动；
(ii) relating to the traffic in arms, ammunition and implements of war and to such traffic in other goods and materials as is carried on directly or indirectly for the purpose of supplying a military establishment；
与武器、弹药和战争工具的贸易的有关行动，以及与这种贸易运输的直接或间接供应军事机构的其他货物和物质的有关行动；
taken in time of war or other emergency in international relations；or （c）to prevent a Member from taking any action in pursuance of its obligations under the United Nations Charter for the maintenance of international peace and security.
在战时或国际关系中其他紧张状态时采取的行动；或（c）阻止一成员为履行《联合国宪章》项下维持国际和平和安全的义务而采取的任何行动。
