第6部分 质量、安全、文明施工保障措施 Quality, Safety and Civilized Construction Guarantee Measures 6.1 质量保证措施Quality Guarantee Measures 6.1.1 总承包质量管理组织机构Institutional Framework of Quality Management Of General Contractor 6.第6部分 质量、安全、文明施工保障措施
Quality, Safety and Civilized Construction Guarantee Measures
6.1 质量保证措施Quality Guarantee Measures
6.1.1 总承包质量管理组织机构Institutional Framework of Quality Management Of General Contractor
6.1.2 质量控制过程与阶段Quality Control Process and Stage
（1）质量控制过程Quality Control Process
施工项目的质量控制是从工序质量到分项工程质量、分部工程质量、单位工程质量的系统控制过程；也是一个由对投入原材料的质量控制开始，直到完成工程质量检验为止的全过程的系统工程。
The quality control of the construction project is a system control process from the process quality to the item project quality, part project quality, and unit project quality; and it is also a system project of the whole process from the quality control of the raw material input to the completion of the inspection of engineering quality.
（2）质量控制阶段Quality Control Stage
为了加强对施工项目质量控制，明确各施工阶段质量控制的重点，可把施工项目质量分为事前控制、事中控制和事后控制三个阶段。
To strengthen the quality control of the construction items and identify the keys to the quality control of various construction stages, the construction item quality can be divided into three stages, namely pre-construction, mid-construction and post-construction control stages.
1）事前质量控制Pre-construction Quality Control
A、指在正式施工前进行的质量控制，其控制重点是做好施工准备工作，且施工准备工作要贯穿于施工全过程中
It refers to the quality control before the formal construction and its controlling key is to well perform the construction preparation, which is supposed to be executed throughout the construction process.
B、施工准备的内容：Construction Preparation Content:
技术准备：熟悉和审查设计图施工图纸，进行设计图纸会审，编制项目施工组织设计。
Technical preparation: Familiarize and examine the design drawing and construction drawing, make a joint checkup on the design drawings, and work out the constructional organization design of the project.
物资准备：材料准备、施工机具准备等。
Material preparation: Prepare the material and construction equipment and others.
组织准备：建立项目组织机构、集结施工队伍、对施工队伍进行入场教育等。
Organizational preparation: Set up the project institutional framework, gather the construction teams and give mobilization education to the construction teams.
施工现场准备：测量控制网、水准点标桩的测量、“五通一平”、生产、生活临时设施等的准备，组织机具、材料进场；拟定有关试验、检验和技术进步项目计划；编制季节性施工措施；制定现场管理制度等。
Construction site preparation: Measure the control network and benchmark marking stake, prepare for the “five-supplies and one leveling”, production and living temporary facilities, and mobilize the equipment and material; work out the plans of the relevant test, inspection and technical progress projects; draw up the seasonable construction measures; and formulate the field management system and others.
2）事中质量控制Mid-construction Quality Control
事中质量控制是指在施工过程中进行的质量控制。事中质量控制的策略是：全面控制施工过程，重点控制工序质量，具体措施是：
It refers to the quality control implemented during the period of construction. The strategy of the mid-construction quality control is: thoroughly control the construction process, and emphatically control the process quality, and the actual measures are:
工序交接有检查；质量预控有对策；施工项目有方案；技术措施有交底；图纸会审有记录；配制材料有试验；隐蔽工程有验收；计量器具校正有复核；设计变更有手续；钢筋代换有制度；质量处理有复查；成品保护有措施；行使质控有否决；质量文件有档案（凡是与质量有关的技术文件，如水准、坐标位置，测量放线记录，沉降、变形观测记录，图纸会审记录，材料合格证明、试验报告，施工记录，隐蔽工程记录，设计变更记录，调试、试压运行记录，试车运转记录，竣工图等都要编目建档）。
The process handover will be checked; the quality precontrol measures will be prepared; each construction project will be provided with construction schemes; the technical measures will be clarified to the concerned parties; the joint checkup on the drawings will be recorded; the prepared material will be tested; the concealed works will be checked before acceptance; the calibration of measurement instruments will be double-checked; the design alteration will be gone through the relevant formalities; the steel bar replacement will be in conformity to the relevant system; the quality treatment will be double-checked; the finished works will be protected; the quality control can put a veto upon the project construction; and the quality documents will be kept on file (all the quality-related technical documents like records of bench-mark, coordinates, and measurement and setting-out, settlement and deformation observation records, record of joint checkup on the drawings, material certificate, test report, construction record, concealed works record, design alteration design, debugging and pressure test operation record, trial run record, and completion drawing should be cataloged and kept on file).
3）事后质量控制Post-construction Quality Control
指在完成施工过程形成产品的质量控制，其具体工作内容有：
It refers to the quality control in completing the construction process and constituting the products, and the actual work content is as follows:
A、组织联动试车；Organize the linkage trial run;
B、准备竣工验收资料，组织自检和初步验收；
Prepare the final acceptance data and organize the self checking and initial acceptance;
C、按规定的质量评定标准和办法，对完成的分项、分部工程进行质量评定；
Make a quality evaluation on the completed item and part projects in accordance with the given quality evaluation standards and methods;
D、组织竣工验收，其标准是：Organize the final acceptance, and the standards are as follows:
①按设计文件规定的内容和合同规定的内容完成施工，质量达到国家质量标准，能满足生产和使用的要求；
In accordance with the design documents and contract, complete the construction to make the quality meet China’s national quality standards and satisfy the need of production and application;
②各系统主要设备已经安装配套，联动试车合格，达到设计能力；
The main equipment of various systems has been installed and matched, and the linkage trial run is qualified to meet the design capacity;
③交工验收的建筑物要窗明、地净、水通、灯亮、制冷及通风设备运转正常；
The structures for acceptance shall be cleaned up, provided with water supply and power supply, and the refrigerating and ventilating equipment shall operate normally;
④交工验收的工程内净外洁，施工中的残余物料运离现场，临时建筑物拆除；
The projects for acceptance shall be cleaned up, the material residue in the construction shall be removed from the construction site, and the temporary buildings shall be demolished; and
⑤技术档案资料齐全。The technical archives shall be complete.
6.1.3 质量因素控制Quality Factor Control
影响施工项目的因素主要有五大方面，即4M1E，指：人（Man），材料（Material）、机械（Machine）、方法（Method）和环境（Environment），如下图所示。事前对这五方面的因素严加控制，是保证施工项目质量的关键。
There are five factors influencing the construction projects, that is, 4M1E, referring to: Man, Material, Machine, Method, and Environment, shown in the following figure. Strict control over these five factors beforehand is the key to guarantee the quality of construction projects.
（1）人的控制Man Control
人，是指直接参与施工的组织者、指挥者和操作者。作为控制对象是要避免产生失误；作为控制的动力，是要充分调动人的积极性，发挥人的主导作用。为此，除了加强政治思想教育、劳动纪律教育、职业道德教育、专业技术培训，健全岗位责任制，改善劳动条件，公平合理地激励劳动热情以外，还需根据工程特点，从确保质量出发，在人的技术水平、人的生理缺陷、人的心理行为、人的错误行为等方面来控制人的使用。总之，在使用人的问题上，要从思想素质、业务素质和身体素质等方面综合考虑，全面控制。
Men are the organizer, director and operator who directly get involved in the construction. As a control object, errors shall be avoided; as a motive power for control, bring men’s enthusiasm into full play and give play to the leading effect of men. Therefore, besides strengthening the political and ideological education, labour discipline education, professional ethics education and professional skill training, perfecting the job responsibility system, improving the labor conditions and impartially and reasonably encouraging men’s work enthusiasm, we should also, with a view to guarantee the quality, control the employment of men from the aspects of men’s technical level, physical defect, psychological behavior, and improper behavior according to the engineering features. All in all, in terms of the employment of men, we should make comprehensive consideration and overall control from the aspects of mental, professional and physical calibers.
（2）材料的控制Material Control
材料控制包括原材料、成品、半成品、构配件等的控制，主要是严格检查验收，正确合理地使用，建立管理台帐，进行收、发、储、运等各技术环节的技术管理，避免混用和将不合格的原材料使用到工程上。
The material control includes the control over the raw material, finished products, semi-finished products, components and matching parts, and the control content mainly involves making a strict check and acceptance, correctly and reasonably using and establishing the machine account of management, and performing the technical management for various technical links like collecting, delivering, storing and transporting so as to avoid misapplication and applying unqualified raw material to the construction.
（3）机械控制Machinery Control
机械控制包括施工机械设备、工具等控制。根据不同工艺特点和技术要求，选用合适的机械设备、正确使用、管理和保养。为此要健全“人机固定”制度、“操作证”制度、岗位责任制度、交接班制度、“技术保养”制度、“安全使用制度”、机械设备检查制度等。确保机械设备处于最佳使用状态。
The machinery control includes the control over the construction machinery and equipment and instruments. Select proper machinery and equipment and properly use, manage and maintain the machinery and equipment on the ground of different process features and technical requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to establish and better the “man-machine combination” system, “operation certificate” system, job responsibility system, shift system, “technical maintenance” system, “safe application system”, and machinery and equipment checkup system to ensure the machinery and equipment is in good condition.
（4）方法控制Method Control
包含施工组织设计、施工方案、施工技术措施、施工工艺等的控制，使其结合工程实际、能够解决施工难题、技术可行、经济合理，有利于保证质量、加快进度、降低成本。
The method control includes the control over the constructional organization design, construction schemes, construction technical measures, and construction process, integrating all of which with the actual construction so as to solve the knotty problems of construction, make technologies practical, and enable the construction to be economical and reasonable to help guarantee the construction quality, accelerate the progress and reduce the cost.
（5）环境控制Environment Control
影响工程质量的环境因素较多，如工程地质、水文、气象等；工程管理环境，如质量保证体系、质量管理制度等；劳动环境，如劳动组合、作业场所、工作面等。根据工程特点和具体条件，对影响质量的环境因素，采取有效的措施严加控制。尤其是施工现场，要建立文明施工和文明生产的环境，保持材料设备堆放有序，道路畅通，工作场所清洁整齐，施工程序井井有条，为确保质量创造良好条件。
There are many environmental factors influencing the project quality, for example, engineering geology, hydrology and meteorology and others; engineering management environment, for instance, quality assurance system and quality management system and others; labor environment, for instance, combination of labor, operational field, working surface, etc. Effect measure shall be taken to strictly control the environmental factors that influence the quality on the ground of the project features and actual conditions. In particular, the construction site shall be provided with civilized construction and production environment, the material and equipment shall be stored orderly, the roads shall be unobstructed, the workplace shall be clean and orderly, and the construction procedures shall be in apple-pie order so as to facilitate the quality guarantee.
6.1.4 质量控制方法 Quality Control Method
项目质量控制的方法，主要是审核有关技术文件、报告和直接进行现场检查或必要的试验等。
The project quality control method is mainly to examine and verify the relevant technical documents and reports and directly make the field inspection or necessary tests.
（1）审核有关技术文件、报告或报表。具体内容有：
Examine and verify the relevant technical documents, reports or statements. The actual content includes the following:
1）审核有关技术资质证明文件；
Examine and verify the relevant documentary evidences of technical qualification;
2）审核施工方案、施工组织设计和技术措施；
Examine and verify the construction schemes, constructional organization design and technical measures;
3）审核有关材料、半成品的质量检验报告；
Examine and verify the quality testing reports of the relevant material and semi-finished products;
4）审核反映工序质量动态的统计资料或控制图表；
Examine and verify the statistical data or control diagrams reflecting the dynamic state of the process quality;
5）审核设计变更、修改图纸和技术核定书；
Examine and verify the design alteration, drawing modification, and technical ratification letter;
6）审核有关质量问题的处理报告；
Examine and verify the reports dealing with the related quality problems;
7）审核有关应用新技术、新工艺、新结构、新材料的技术鉴定书；
Examine and verify the technical appraisal certificates in relation to the application of new technique, technology, structure and material;
8）核有关工序交接检查，分项、分部工程质量检查报告；
Examine and verify the inspection on the working procedure shift, and quality inspection reports of the item and part projects; and
9）核并签署现场有关技术签证、文件等。
Examine and verify and sign the technical evidences and documents and others.
（2）现场质量检查 Field Quality Inspection
1）现场质量检查的内容Content of Field Quality Inspection
A、开工前检查。目的是检查是否具备开工条件，开工后能否连续正常施工，能否保证工程质量。
Inspection before the commencement: It aims to check whether it is ready for the commencement, the normal and continuous construction can be carried out, and the project quality can be guaranteed.
B、工序交接检查。对于重要的工序或对工程质量有重大影响的工序，在自检、互检的基础上，还要组织专职人员进行工序交接检查。
Inspection on the working procedure shift: on the basis of self-checking and mutual inspection, the full-time staff shall be also organized to make the inspection on the working procedure shift in terms of important working procedures or those bringing significant influence on the project quality.
C、隐蔽工程检查。凡是隐蔽工程均应检查认证后方能掩盖。
Inspection on the concealed works: The concealed works shall not be covered before they are inspected and certified.
D、停工后复工前的检查。因处理质量问题或某种原因停工后，需复工时，亦应经检查认可后方能复工。
Inspection after the construction stoppage and before the construction resuming: In case of construction resuming after the construction stoppage caused by quality problem or for a certain reason, the construction resuming shall not be performed before the construction site is inspected and accepted.
E、分项与分部工程完工后，应经检查认可，签署验收记录后，才许进行下一工程项目施工。
The next construction project shall not be allowed before the completed item and part projects are inspected and accepted and the acceptance record is signed.
F、成品保护检查。检查成品有无保护措施，或保护措施是否可靠。
Safety inspection on the finished products: check the finished products for protective measures or check out them to make sure the protective measures are reliable.
G、现场巡视检查。深入现场，对施工操作质量进行检查。必要时，还应进行跟班或追踪检查。
Field patrol inspection: Go to the construction site and inspect the constructional and operational quality. If necessary, it is also supposed to make follow-up inspections.
2）现场质量检查的方法Methods for Field Quality Inspection
采用目测法、实测法和试验法进行检查。
The visual method, actual measurement method and test method will be adopted in the inspection.
6.1.5 工程材料、设备控制Engineering Material and Equipment Control
（1）工程材料设备的报批与确认
Engineering Material and Equipment Approval and Acknowledgment
工程材料设备的质量直接涉及到工程质量。除业主指定的供应商外，总包对工程材料设备实行报批确认的办法，其程序为：
The quality of the engineering material and equipment directly involves the project quality. Except the suppliers specified by the employer, the general contractor adopts the acknowledgment method of “reporting for approval” in respect of the engineering material and equipment, and the procedures are as follows:
1）编制工程材料设备确认的报批文件。总包和分包事先编制工程材料设备确认的报批文件，文件内容包括：制造（供应商）的名称、产品名称、型号规格、数量、主要技术数据、参照的技术说明、有关的施工详图、使用在本工程的特定位置以及主要的性能特性等。报批文件附上总包商统一编制的《材料设备报批单》，送业主、监理和总包。
Work out the reporting document to acknowledge the engineering material and equipment. The general contractor and subcontractor should, in advance, work out the reporting document to acknowledge the engineering material and equipment, and the document content includes: manufacturer (supplier) name, product name, model and specifications, quantity, main technical data, reference technical description, relevant construction details, specific positions and main functional features in this project. The Material and Equipment Reporting Sheet unifiedly prepared by the general contractor will be annexed to the reporting document, and submitted to the employer, supervisor and general contractor.
2）提出预审意见。总包在收到报批文件后，提出预审意见，报业主确认。
Give the pre-examination opinion. After receiving the reporting document, the general contractor gives his pre-examination opinion and submits it to the employer for acknowledgment.
3）报批手续完毕后，业主、总包、分包和监理各执一份，作为今后进场工程材料设备质量检验的依据。
After the formalities of “reporting for approval” are gone through, the employer, general contractor, subcontractor and supervisor respectively holds one copy of the reporting document, which will serve as the grounds for the quality inspection on the engineering material and equipment mobilized in the future.
（2）材料样品的报批和确认 Material Sample Approval and Acknowledgment
按照工程材料设备报批和确认的程序实施材料样品的报批和确认。材料样品报业主、监理、设计院确认后，实施样品留样制度，为日后复核材料的质量提供依据。
The material sample approval and acknowledgment will be implemented in accordance with the procedures of the engineering material and equipment approval and acknowledgment. After the material sample is reported to and acknowledged by the employer, supervisor, and design institute, the sample will be reserved to provide grounds for double-checking the material quality in the future.
（3）加强工程材料设备的进场验证和校验
Strengthening the Examination and Verification on the Mobilized Engineering Material and Equipment
对于进场工程材料设备的质量验证和检验，将制定材料设备进场验收的办法，其程序是：
The mobilization acceptance measures for the material and equipment will be worked out for the quality examination and verification on the mobilized engineering material and equipment, and the procedures are as follows:
1）工程材料设备进场后，由分包进行自检并填写总承包统一编制的《材料清单》和《材料验收单》，报总包。
After the engineering material and equipment is mobilized, the subcontractor will perform the self-checking and fill out the List of Material and Material Acceptance Sheet unifiedly prepared by the general contractor and submit them to the general contractor.
2）总包收到分包的资料后，在2天内会同监理前往验收。需取样的，按规定将样品送到总包设置的工程材料陈列室。
After receiving the data from the subcontractor, the general contractor shall, jointly with the supervisor, perform the acceptance within two days. If in need of samples, the samples shall, as required, be sent to the engineering material exhibition room established by the general contractor.
3）在材料验收中实施《材料取样标签》，经总包和监理验收合格后，在《材料取样标签》上加盖“取样合格”章，然后当众贴在取样实物上。贴有《材料取样标签》的取样材料，作为今后对各分包进行材料验收对照的依据。
The Material Sampling Label will be adopted in the material acceptance. If the material is qualified and accepted by the general contractor and supervisor, “SAMPLING QUALIFIED” will be printed on the Material Sampling Label, and then the label will be affixed to the sampling object. The sampling material with a Material Sampling Label will serve as the contrast grounds for the material acceptance in relation to each subcontractor.
4）总包会同监理对进场材料设备进行全面的验证和检验，拒收与规定要求不符的材料设备，同时对相关的分包商予以警告。确保使用或安装的设备和材料符合质量规定的要求。
The general contractor jointly with the supervisor will make a comprehensive verification and test on the mobilized material and equipment, and reject the material and equipment not satisfying the given requirements, and at the same time the related subcontractor will be warned so as to guarantee that the equipment and material applied or installed will meet the given quality requirements.
6.1.6 施工工序的质量控制Quality Control of Construction Procedure
工程项目的施工过程，是由一系列相互关联、相互制约的工序所构成，要控制工程项目施工过程的质量，首先必须控制工序的质量。
The project construction process consists of a series of working procedures that are correlated to each other and restricted by each other; in order to control the quality of the construction process of the project, the quality of the working procedure shall be first controlled.
工序质量包含两方面的内容：一是工序活动条件的质量；二是工序活动效果的质量。从质量控制的角度来看，这两者是互为关联的，一方面要控制工序活动条件的质量，即每道工序投入品的质量（即人、材料、机械、方法和环境的质量）是否符合要求，另一方面又要控制工序活动效果的质量，即每道工序施工完成的工程产品是否达到有关质量标准。
The working procedure quality includes two aspects: first, the quality of the procedure activity conditions; second, the quality of the working procedure activity effect. Seen from the quality control, the two are correlated to each other. On the one hand, the quality of the procedure activity conditions, namely the quality of inputs (i.e. quality of man, material, machinery, method and environment) of each procedure shall be controlled to meet the given requirements; on the other hand, the quality of the working procedure activity effect shall be controlled to make the engineering products completed in each procedure meet the relevant quality standards.
工序质量控制的原理是：采用数理统计方法，通过对工序一部分（子样）检验的数据，进行统计、分析，来判断整道工序的质量是否稳定、正常。若不稳定，产生异常情况，必须及时采取对策和措施予以改善，从而实现对工序质量的控制。
Principle of the working procedure quality control: The method of mathematical statistics is adopted to take statistics and analysis of the testing data of part of the working procedure (sample) so as to judge whether the whole working procedure is stable and normal. If it is not stable and there is any abnormal phenomenon, measures must be timely taken to improve the procedure so as to achieve the control over the quality of the working procedure.
（1）施工工序质量控制程序Quality Control Procedure for Construction Process
1）检查各工序是否按程序进行操作；
Check out each process to make sure they are all operated according to the procedures;
2）检查测量定位是否准确；
Check out the measuring position to make sure it is accurate;
3）检查“自检、互检、交接检”是否真实；
Check out the “self-checking, mutual check and shift inspection” to make sure they are authentic;
4）检查《分项工程评定表》是否符合实际情况；
Check out the Item Project Appraisal Form to make sure it accords with the actual conditions;
5）检查隐蔽工程验收是否按程序进行；
Check out the acceptance of concealed works to make sure it is carried out in conformity to the procedures; and
6）检查特殊过程是否按作业指导书进行施工。
Check out the special processes to make sure they are constructed in accordance with the operational guide book.
（2）过程控制的主要做法Main Measures for Process Control
1）全过程全天候进行跟踪监控 Overall-process and all-weather Follow-up Monitoring
总包派专人对分包单位的过程质量展开全过程、全天候的监督与认可，凡达不到质量标准的不予签证，并责成期限整改。
The general contractor will specially designate a person to make the overall-process and all-weather supervision and appraisal on the process quality of the subcontracting units, and those failing to meet the quality standards will not be signed and certified, and will be requested to be rectified and improved within a given time.
2）抓住关键过程进行质量控制Quality Control by Grasping the Key Processes
根据施工进度节点，突出重点，抓住关键过程进行质量控制。为了控制关键过程的工程质量，要求分包商编制施工方案，组织质量技术交底，下达作业指导书，对施工全过程实施质量检验。总包加强对关键过程的检查和监督，使得关键过程施工质量始终处于受控状态。
According to the construction progress node, highlight the keys and perform the quality control through grasping the key processes. To control the engineering quality of the key processes, the subcontractor is required to work out the construction schemes, organize the quality technical clarification, issuing the operational guide book, and make quality tests on the whole construction process. The general contractor shall strengthen the inspection and supervision over the key processes to make the construction quality of the key processes is always under control.
3）接受工程监理、进行督促整改
Accepting Construction Supervision and Urging Rectification and Improvement
在自检的基础上，提请监理工程师检验签字认可，未有监理师签字认可的，不得在工程上使用或安装或进入下一道工序施工。对监理单位在监理过程中开具的施工安装不符合设计要求、施工技术标准和工程合同约定，或者存在的测量、质量、安全等隐患方面的整改通知，总包商予以及时落实、跟踪和督促相关分包商限时予以整改，直至监理验证签字认可为止。
On the ground of self-checking, the process arrangement shall be reported to the supervising engineer for signature and acceptance, and any process arrangement shall not be applied or any equipment shall not be installed or enter the next procedure before they are signed and accepted by the supervising engineer. In terms of the rectification and improvement notice that is given by the supervising unit in course of its supervision and describes the construction installation is not in conformity to the design requirements, construction technical standards and engineering contract provisions, or there are hidden dangers in measurement, quality and safety, the general contractor shall timely follow up and supervise the related subcontractor to perform the rectification and improvement within a given time till it is signed and accepted by the supervising engineer.
4）严格把关，进行过程检验Strict Check and Process Inspection
总包在施工过程中抓好过程检验。首先审核分包单位在施工方案中制定的检验和试验计划，验证检验和试验人员及检测单位的资质；其次进行分项分部工程的质量复验，在分包单位自检的基础上，对分项分部工程的质量进行复验认可；第三，对隐蔽工程采取连续或全数的检验和试验方法，对分包单位的隐蔽工程验收记录进行复验认可，并在监理核验签证后方可进入下道工序施工；第四，组织主要分部工程质量等级的的核验。总包制订基础、结构和装饰工程质量的核验计划并报质监站，当上述分部工程分阶段完成时，经分包单位自检、总包复验、监理验收签证后，由质监站组织人员前来进行质量等级的检验。通过过程的质量检验，使工程质量始终处于受控状态。
The general contractor shall well perform the process inspection in course of the construction. First of all, examine and verify the inspection and testing plans in the construction schemes made by the subcontracting units, and verify the qualification of the inspection and testing personnel and testing organizations; secondly, recheck the quality of the item and part projects on the basis of the self-checking of the subcontracting units; thirdly, use continuous or in-full inspection and testing methods to recheck the acceptance records of the concealed works of the subcontracting units, and the next procedure shall not be started before it is verified and signed by the supervising engineer; fourthly, organize the verification on the quality grades of the main part projects. The general contractor works out the verification planning of the foundation, structure, and decoration project quality and report it to the quality supervision station. After the said part projects are completed in stages and undergoes the self-checking of the subcontracting unit, recheck of the general contractor, and acceptance signature of the supervising engineer, the quality supervision station will organize the relevant personnel to make the test of quality grades. The project quality will be always under control through the process quality inspection.
5）针对产品保护进行系统管理System Management Oriented toward Product Protection
对分包单位已完成并形成系统功能的产品，经总包验收后，即组织人力、物力和相应的技术手段进行产品保护，直至形成最终产品交付业主使用为止。
After accepted by the general contractor, the products that have been completed by the subcontracting unit and constitute systematic functions shall be protected through organizing corresponding human and material resources as well as technical means till the said products are turned into the final products and handed over to the employer for use.
6.2 安全保证措施 Safety Guarantee Measures
6.2.1 安全目标 Safety Objective
安全目标：杜绝重大伤亡事故，年度事故负伤频率控制在1‰以内。
Safety target:avoid big hurt and death accident, year hurt accident rate is not more than 1‰
6.2.2 安全实施依据 Safety Implementation Reference
依据管理公司制度安全体系、***风力发电叶片（上海）有限公司安全管理程序、中建四局第五建筑工程有限公司安全制度、国家《建筑施工安全检查标准》—JGJ59-99实施。按照招标文件执行美国绿色建筑委员会颁布的LEED绿色建筑认证要求和上海市文明工地的要求来实施。
The safety measures will be implemented on the ground of the safety system of the management company polices, safety management procedures of *** Wind Electric Power Generation Blade (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., safety system of the Fifth Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. of China Fourth Construction Bureau, and the “Safety Inspection Standards for Building Construction (JGJ59-99)” in China. The safety measures will be also in conformity to the LEED issued by the US Green Building Council and the requirements in respect of civilized construction site in Shanghai.
依据管理公司制度安全体系实施
Implemented Based on Safety System of Management Company Policies
在浇混泥土支模板的时候，在脚手架下方1.5---2米的地方满铺安全网。
For formwork to concrete pouring, erect full safety net about 1.5m---2.0m underneath scaffold. Workers shall be tied-off on the lifelines at all time.
脚手架铺板必须采用5×25应每隔公分的全厚木材或同等材质的脚手架材料。这些铺板每个1.3米采用横档进行支撑。
Scaffold planks must be timber of full thickness at least 5X25 cm or similar graded equivalent. Scaffold planks must be supported by a transom at every1.3m.
在建筑物的外边搭建双排脚手架，脚手架上满铺至少5厘米厚的跳板并安装好踢脚板。
Use timbers at least 5cm in thickness as plank and proper toe board forexternal scaffold.
何所有情况的下脚都手不架能的超设载计。都要保证能够承受最大预计载荷四倍的重量，脚手架在任何情况都不能超载
All scaffolds shall be adequately designed to carry, without failure, four(4) times the maximum intended load. At no time shall any scaffold beoverloaded;
所有脚手架均需踢脚板。踢脚板至少应10上。公分高，且应绑置在每个角的立杆
Toe boards of 10cm in height are required as a minimum for all scaffolds. Toe boards shall be tied to the vertical up-right/rail at each corner.
脚手架铺板必须采用5×25应每隔公分的全厚木材或同等材质的脚手架材料。这些铺板1.3米横档进行支撑。
Scaffold planks must be timber of full thickness at least 5X25 cm or similar graded equivalent. Scaffold planks must be supported by a transom at every1.3m.
所有脚手架（无论施工地点设在何处）都必须配置15×15础板。宜采用可调节的支撑。公分的内插接口钢基
All scaffolds (regardless of the location) must be equipped with a15X15 centimeter steel base plates with an internal fixing spigot. Theadjustable type supports are preferred for use.
劳防用品安全 PPE requirements:
安全帽需提供质量保证书，2.5年的期限。
Safety helmet: quality guarantee shall be at least 2.5 years.
所有工种需提供安全眼镜。Safety glasses are required for all site work.
安全鞋必须是钢板防穿底和包脚趾。
Anti-puncture steel insole/toe safety shoes are required.
腐蚀性工种需戴安全手套
Wear safety gloves in any corrosive atmosphere, such as painting, concrete pouring, which is subject to the decision by site safety manager.
安全带：1.8米以上工作的所有人员必须佩戴五点式双绳大钩的全身式安全带。
Safety harness: full body harness with double lanyards and two big hooks forany work above 1.8m high.
脚手架，提供五点式,双绳大钩带防震包。
For scaffold, provide full body harness with double lanyards, two hooks as wellas shock absorber.
安全反光背心：管理人员和工人需穿两种不同颜色的安全背心以便区分。
Safety reflective vest. Management staff and workers shall wear Safetyreflective vest in different colors in order to distinguish easily.
6.2.3 安全、消防保证总体措施 General Safety and Fire Control Guarantee Measures
6.2.4
建立、健全各级安全生产责任制，职责明确，落实到人。
Set up ,finish every grade safety produce responsibility ,assure every people with detail responsibility .
在各项经济承包合同中有明确的安全指标和奖罚措施。严格按照中华人民共和国行业标准《建筑施工安全检查标准》—JGJ59-99执行。
In each economic contract clear safety guideline and award –pinish measure should be contain .strictly comply with The People's Republic of China industry standard
严格按照上海市建设工程施工现场安全标准化管理标准执行。
Strictly comply with construct engineering site safety standard management in Shanghai city to execute .
严格按照中建四局安全生产管理措施执行。建立并严格执行定期安全检查制度，对于检查出的安全隐患应及时定人、定时、定措施整改完毕。
Strictly comply with China construction No. 4 engineering safety produce management measure to execute
新入场工人应严格进行三级安全教育，安全教育的内容应全面而富有针对性。对于特种作业人员，应经过培训合格后方能从事特种作业，在操作时应做到持证上岗。
New workers who enter the site should accept 3 grade safety eduction .for special workers ,should train to acceptable ,then can engage special work ,when operating ,should take certificate .
现场应布置按安全标志指示牌。There should set up safety guideline on site
第7部分 项目人员配备
7.3 施工队伍的组建和劳动力的配备
Establishment of construction team and mobilization of labor force
7.3.1 施工队伍组建 Establishment of construction team
为优质高效地完成本工程施工任务，确保对发包方各项承诺的实现，我司将选派具有类似工程施工经验的和有较好创优经验的专业施工队伍。对整个工程的各项施工任务负责，该专业施工队伍敢于吃苦、技术娴熟，特别是在细部操作上技术更为精湛。
For high quality and efficient completion of the construction mission to ensure the implementation of the commitments发包方, I will send a similar experience in engineering excellence and have good experience in the professional construction team. Of the whole project is responsible for the construction mission, the construction of the ranks of professional courage to endure hardship, highly skilled, especially in the details of the operation on more sophisticated technology
要重视工人的培训以开会形式，现场的形式对安全、技术、质量分期分段重点培训
Attention should be paid to workers in order to meet the form of training, on-site form of security, technology, quality focus of the training sub-phases
7.3.2 劳动力人员动态分布图 Labor personnel dynamic distribution chart
根据本工程规模、工程进度、技术特点等要求拟定配备如下工种及数量的劳动力。
According to the project scale, project progress, technical characteristics, such as prepared at the request with the following types of work and quantity of labor
第8部分 LEED项目施工实施方案
8.1 LEED项目施工实施方案 LEED Project Construction Execution Plan
根据招标文件要求，本工程要按照美国绿色建筑委员会的LEED认证来实施，因此，本工程施工过程中我们将严格执行美国绿色建筑委员会颁布的LEEDTM绿色建筑认证要求和环境管理标准GB/T2400idtISO14000的要求的内容。
In accordance with the requirements of tender documents, the works in accordance with the United States Green Building Council's LEED certification to implement, therefore, the construction process, we will strictly enforce the United States Green Building Council's green building certification requirements LEEDTM environmental management standards and the requirements of GB/T2400idtISO14000 content
具体内容为：营造绿色建筑，确保施工现场场界噪声达标，减少施工现场粉尘排放，污水主要污染物均达标排放，建筑垃圾及废弃物实行分类管理，可回收废物及时回收，杜绝物料灰土遗洒。确保建筑废物利用/回收达到50%，力争达到75%；确保材料再利用成分达到10%，力争达到20%；确保地主/地区物资10%当地提取、冶练和制造，争取达到20%；切实采取措施提高室内空气质量。 Specific content as follows: to create a green building, to ensure that the construction site boundary noise standard to reduce construction site dust emissions of major pollutants of sewage are discharged, trash and waste building exercise classified management and timely recovery of recyclable waste to eliminate lime residual materials sprinkling. To ensure that the use of construction waste / recycling reached 50%, and strive to achieve 75%; to ensure that the material re-use components to achieve 10%, and strive to achieve 20%; to ensure that the landlord / region supplies 10 percent of local extraction, smelting and manufacturing practice, to achieve 20%; practical take measures to improve indoor air quality
8.1.1 节水 Water Conservation
施工现场采用节水工艺、节水设备和设施；
the construction site, the use of water-saving technology, water-saving equipment and facilities;
混凝土养护采用雨水回收再利用进行养护；
concrete curing using rainwater recycling conservation
施工现场 construction site
加强节水管理，施工用水进行定额计量。
strengthen water-saving management, the construction of water for a fixed measurement
建立节能与节水的管理机制；set up energy-saving and water management mechanism
8.1.2 节能 Energy Saving
8.1.3 施工过程中的能耗；
by improving energy use structure, effectively control the construction process of energy consumption
根据具体情况合理组织施工、积极推广节能新技术、新工艺；
Organize according to the specific circumstances of reasonable construction, and actively promote energy efficient new technologies and new techniques
制定合理施工能耗指标，提高施工能源利用率；
reasonable construction of the development of energy consumption indicators, improve energy efficiency construction
确保施工设备满负荷运转，减少无用功，禁止不合格临时设施用电，以免造成损失。
ensure full capacity operation of construction equipment to reduce useless work prohibit unqualified temporary facilities of electricity, so as to avoid loss
8.1.3 节材 Material Saving
临时设施充分利用旧料和现场拆迁回收材料，使用装配方便、可循环利用的材料；
make full use of temporary facilities and on-site demolition of the old material recycled materials, the use of assembly convenience Materials recycling
周转材料、循环使用材料和机具应耐用、维护与拆卸方便、且易于回收和再利用；
working materials, recycling materials and equipment should be durable, maintenance and demolition of Convenience, and easy recovery and reuse;
采用工业化生产的成品，减少现场作业与废料；
used in industrial production of finished products, reduce site operations and waste
选用可循环、可回用和可再生的建材；
selection can be recycled, can reuse and renewable building materials;
减少建筑垃圾，充分利用废弃物；building to reduce the garbage, make full use of waste
减少不可再生资源的使用。reduce the use of non-renewable resources
8.1.4 使用绿色建材 Utilization of green building materials
按照国家、行业或地方管理部门对绿色建材做出的法律、法规及评价方法，选择建筑材料；
in accordance with the country, trade or place of green building materials management department to make the laws, regulations and evaluation methods, selection of building materials
就地取材，充分利用本地资源进行施工，减少运输对环境造成的影响。
local materials, full use of local resources for construction, reduce the transport impact on the environment
选用蕴能低、高性能、高耐久性和本地建材，减少建材在全寿命周期中的能源消耗；
Yun can choose low, high performance, high durability and local building materials, reduce the building materials in the whole life-cycle energy consumption
选用可降解、对环境污染少的建材；choose biodegradable, less environmental pollution materials
使用原料消耗量少和采用废弃物生产的建材；
use less raw material consumption and waste production of building materials used
使用可节能的功能性建材。use of energy-saving building materials functionality
8.1.5 垃圾管理 Rubbish and wastes control
根据LEED认证的要求，我司将会对施工现场的主要出入口及现场材料加工附近设置垃圾站，并分为生活垃圾和施工垃圾、可回收利用垃圾。将统一存放、统一规划利用、统一运出场外。
In accordance with the requirements of LEED certification, I will be on the construction site of the main entrances and exits and on-site material processing garbage near stations, and is divided into living garbage and construction garbage, recyclable garbage. Will be a unified storage, the use of unified planning, unified appearance transported outside the site
我们在本工程整个施工全过程中，对产生的渣土垃圾将严格按照《上海市建筑垃圾和工程渣土处置管理规定》要求施工，做好对施工过程中产生的渣土和建筑垃圾的规范堆放和运输工作，杜绝物料灰土遗洒；减少施工现场粉尘排放，施工现场道路硬化率100%，水泥等易飞材料入库率100%；施工污水达标排放，废弃物分类管理率100%，所有外出车辆必须冲洗干净管理率100%。加强对垃圾运输车辆的车况检查，做到持证运营，不偷倒、不乱到垃圾。成立卫生责任包干区，要求对办公区和施工区（建筑物四周）设置专人进行卫生清扫和保洁工作。
We are in the works throughout the construction throughout the entire process of garbage generated will be in strict accordance with the "Shanghai architecture and engineering garbage disposal regulations" require the construction and do a good job on the construction process and building generated by the garbage standardize job stacking and transportation, to eliminate residual sprinkling of lime-soil material; reduce dust emissions from the construction site, construction site, road hardening rate of 100 percent, cement and other material easy to fly inbound rate of 100%; Construction of the sewage discharge standards, waste management classification rate of 100%, all vehicles are required to rinse out the management of the rate of 100%. Strengthen the garbage transport vehicles to check the condition so that the holder operations, do not steal down to the trash chaos. The establishment of a lump sum duty hygiene area, called for the office area and construction area (surrounding buildings) set up to carry out hygiene cleaning personnel and cleaning job
施工阶段各班组必须严格按照文明施工的要求做到工完料清，搞好落手清工作。施工过程所产生的建筑垃圾，责成班组在指定地点堆放整齐。the construction phase of the team must be in strict accordance with the requirements of civilized construction workers be expected End-ching, ching hand job to do a good job down. Construction produced by the process of building rubbish, instructed team stacked neatly at designated locations
泥浆、渣土采用密闭容器装运，严禁遗漏。
shipping containers used in confined strictly prohibited omission
现场门口设专人清洗进出车辆，禁止带泥车辆驶出现场。
site located at the entrance of vehicles into and out of hand washing to prohibit vehicles exiting the site
对材料转运，堆码等产生的废渣必须责成相关人员严格按照施工平面图要求，在指定地点堆放整齐。
transhipment of materials, stacking and other residues resulting from the relevant staff must be held in strict accordance with the construction plan requirements, stacked neatly at designated locations
定期进行检查，对责任人和班组实行奖罚处理。
regular checks are carried out on duty and the team deal with the implementation of reward and punishment
建筑装修及维修期间，对建筑垃圾实行容器化收集，避免或减少建筑垃圾遗撒；
building decoration and repair during the implementation of building trash containers of the collection, to avoid or reduce litter building
建立垃圾管理制度，对垃圾流向进行有效控制，防止无序倾倒和二次污染；
trash management system set up for effective control of the flow of garbage to separation and collection ofprevent dumping and secondary pollution disorder;
垃圾分类收集、回收和资源化利用。garbage, recycling and resource utilization
8.2.1 组织措施Organization Measures
进场前由项目经理组织节能降耗的整体策划，成立专门的节能领导小组，明确各成员的职责分工；
approach by the project manager prior to Organize saving energy and reducing consumption overall planning, setting up a special leading group for energy conservation, a clear division of responsibilities of various members
工程开工前，应按设计要求对本项目节能降耗的重点和难点进行评审，必要时应就节能降耗内容与业主、设计、监理等相关方进行协商和沟通，达成一致意见；
Pre-trip should be the design requirements of this project the focus of saving energy and reducing consumption and difficult to carry out assessment and, if necessary, should be on saving energy content with the owners, design, supervision and other stakeholders for consultation and communication, consensus
节能策划应全面，内容至少包括：节能降耗对象、节能降耗目标（定额）、节能降耗施工方法和途径、节能降耗所需资源、节能降耗效果评估等；
energy planning should be comprehensive, the contents of at least include: energy saving and consumption reduction targets, energy saving targets (fixed), energy saving construction methods and means of saving energy resources required to assess the effect of saving energy and reducing consumption, etc.
采取节能降耗基本知识培训、“四新”宣传、典型安全教育等形式，强化各级领导和员工的建筑节能降耗意识；
taken a basic knowledge of energy saving training, "four new" propaganda, the typical form of safety education, and strengthen leadership at all levels and staff awareness of energy saving building
在工程施工过程中严格执行三级交底制度，交底内容应包括节能降耗的主要方法和措施，并在施工过程中严格按交底内容组织实施；
works at the course of strict implementation of the three-tier system should include major energy saving methods and measures, and in the course of construction in strict accordance with the contents of交底organization
定期组织检查各项节能降耗目标的落实情况，对于检查中发现的问题或不足，应分析原因并制定专项措施予以纠正，防止再次发生，同时应制定预防措施，消除类似问题的发生。
Organize periodic inspection of the energy saving goal of the implementation, for the problems found in inspection or part thereof, should analyze the causes and to develop specific measures to correct and prevent recurrence, at the same time the development of prevention measures to eliminate the occurrence of similar problems
特殊工种人员按相应要求在规定的期限内复审换证，避免因操作人员资格或能力不足造成质量、安全、环境事故，产生损失或形成浪费。
special trades personnel in accordance with the corresponding requirements in the review period provided for the replacement to avoid the qualifications of the operators or the lack of capacity caused by the quality, safety, environmental accidents, resulting in the loss or the formation of waste
8.2.2 技术措施 Technical Measures
8.2.2.1 一般措施 General measures
学习国家及地方有关节能降耗的法律法规文件；
learn the country law, rules documents about saving power
施工过程应按设计要求采用节能型的建筑结构、材料、器具和产品，积极推广使用节能新技术、新工艺、新设备和新材料，限制和淘汰能耗高的老旧技术、工艺、设备和材料；
according to request in construction design ,adopt saving building structure, implement ,material ,and products, actively spread use the new saving technology, new technics, new facilities and new material, limit use high exhausting old technology, technics, facilities and material
进行施工工艺节能策划时应优化网络计划，采取合理流水段施工，实施技术创新，配置充分、适宜的资源，加强现场协调，强化分包控制，加快施工进度，以促进节能降耗的目标实现；
when make out the construction technics saving plan, should optimize the net plan, adopt reasonable construction in current segment, bring the technology innovation into effect, distribute resource equally ,reinforce cooperation on site ,reinforce sub-contract controlling, quicken the progress, to reach the saving target
根据施工组织设计或施工方案对材料工艺、性能要求，采取货比三家、招投标、第二方审核等方法，从合格供应商中选择适宜的供应商采购满足工艺和性能要求的材料，以保证所购材料质优、价廉、环保，避免采购材料不合格或不适宜造成浪费或污染；
according to the request for material technics ,capability in construction organization design or construction plan, adopt compare more suppliers ,invite bid and tender, choose eligible supplier ,then buy material from the eligible supplier. Ensure the material good quality ,cheap ,environmental ,avoid buy the unqualified goods or waste or pollution.
在技术经济合理条件下，选用满足设计要求和节能降耗的建筑材料，禁止使用《淘汰落后生产能力、工艺和产品目录》所限制或淘汰使用的材料与产品，降低能源资源的消耗和对环境的污染；
while a reasonable technology and economic status, choose the construction material complied with design request and saving power, reducing the material. Prohibit to use the material and products which is limited or eliminated to use,reduce the sources exhaustion and pollution to environment .
所有进库材料按验收规定进行外观、质量、性能、规格、型号等检查或复验，并严格进行计量、检查，避免因各种缺陷造成浪费，或出现数量不准、钢筋直径误差等问题，影响节能与降耗。
all the material entering the warehouse should accept appearance inspect, quality inspect, capability inspect, specification and style inspect, and accept countercheck. Strictly record, check, avoid any problems as objection and waste, or quantity is not correct, the diameter of raber is wrong, effect saving power
所有材料执行限额领料制度，按领料单控制发放，避免发料无控制或控制不严，产生超料发放形成浪费或可能产生丢失、盗窃等现象；
all material execute limitation receive regulation, control distribution by receiving list, prevent to non-control distribution.
各种钢筋、电线、电缆、管道、电配管等材料的下料长度，进行现场实测实量后准确下料，下料后进行有效复核，避免长料短下造成余料增加，或下料尺寸足造成浪费；
the using length of various rebar, wire, cable , pipeline, electric distribution pipe ets, lay the material after actually measure on site ,after lay the material ,seriously check again, avoid to waste.
开工前应绘制《
能源计量网络图》，建立能源消耗台帐，制定节能控制措施，并根据能源计量网络图按生产、生活、分包等方面分别独立设立经校准的水、电、汽计量或检测器具，改变按直接费分摊计算水电费的传统管理方法，从而使节能降耗责任更加落实到位。
Before start the project, should be made out. set up energy exhaustion account, make out control measure for saving energy ,according to energy sources metering net drawings, set single and independence water metering, power metering, gas metering from production section, living section, sub-contract section, Change the traditional method as separately payment for water rate and electricity rate. So everyone has his the saving responsibility .
8.2.2.3 油、燃料节约措施 Oil Fuel saving measures
加强对用油车辆、设备的维护和保养，以免造成耗油、漏油；对修理替换下来的废机油要
综合利用，以降低油耗。
Enhance the maintenance for voiture and equipment,avoid result in waste oil.leak oil.integrative make use of oil which the substitution after repair,reduce the consumption of oil.
8.2.2.4 用水节约措施 Water saving measures
采用循环水系统节约用水：将雨水、施工废水、生活废水由排水沟收集到沉淀池内，经三
Adopt the water cycle system to save water: collect the rain water ,liquid water of construction,liquid water of life,through barrel-drain get into the deposition pool
级沉淀处理后，由水泵抽至室外循环水箱内，在利用循环水冲洗场地 、出场车辆、厕所、并
After the thirdly disposal of deposit,take out the water to the water tank by water pump ,then use circular water to wash floor,voiture,wash room,and promise the
落实专人负责循环水箱的管理运作。见流程图如下：
Specialist take charge the management and movement of circular water tank See flow chat as follows。
