Chapter XII Contract of Marine Insurance第十二章 海上保险合同 Section 1Basic Principles第一节 一般规定 Article 216A contract of marine insurance is a contract whereby the insurer undertakes, as agreed, to indemnify the loss to the subject m

Chapter XII Contract of Marine Insurance第十二章 海上保险合同
Section 1Basic Principles第一节 一般规定
Article 216A contract of marine insurance is a contract whereby the insurer undertakes, as agreed, to indemnify the loss to the subject matter insured and the liability of the insured caused by perils covered by the insurance against the payment of an insurance premium by the insured.
The covered perils referred to in the preceding paragraph mean any maritime perils agreed upon between the insurer and the insured, including perils occurring in inland rivers or on land which is related to a maritime adventure.
第二百一十六条 海上保险合同，是指保险人按照约定，对被保险人遭受保险事故造成保险标的的损失和产生的责任负责赔偿，而由被保险人支付保险费的合同。
前款所称保险事故，是指保险人与被保险人约定的任何海上事故，包括与海上航行有关的发生于内河或者陆上的事故。
 
Article 217A contract of marine insurance mainly includes:
(1) Name of the insurer;
(2) Name of the insured;
(3) Subject matter insured;
(4) Insured value;
(5) Insured amount;
(6) Perils insured against and perils excepted;
(7) Duration of insurance coverage;
(8) Insurance premium.
第二百一十七条 海上保险合同的内容，主要包括下列各项：
　　（一）保险人名称；
　　（二）被保险人名称；
　　（三）保险标的；
　　（四）保险价值；
　　（五）保险金额；
　　（六）保险责任和除外责任；
　　（七）保险期间；
（八）保险费。
 
Article 218The following items may come under the subject matter of marine insurance:
(1) Ship;
(2) Cargo;
(3) Income from the operation of the ship including freight, charter hire and passenger's fare;
(4) Expected profit on cargo;
(5) Crew's wages and other remuneration;
(6) Liabilities to a third person;
(7) Other property which may sustain loss from a maritime peril and the liability and expenses arising therefrom.
The insurer may reinsure the insurance of the subject matter enumerated in the preceding paragraph. Unless otherwise agreed in the contract, the origional insured shall not be entitled to the benefit of the reinsurance.
第二百一十八条 下列各项可以作为保险标的：
　　（一）船舶；
　　（二）货物；
　　（三）船舶营运收入，包括运费、租金、旅客票款；
　　（四）货物预期利润；
　　（五）船员工资和其他报酬；
　　（六）对第三人的责任；
　　（七）由于发生保险事故可能受到损失的其他财产和产生的责任、费用。
保险人可以将对前款保险标的的保险进行再保险。除合同另有约定外，原被保险人不得享有再保险的利益。
 
Article 219The insurable value of the subject matter insured shall be agreed upon between the insurer and the insured.
Where no insurable value has been agreed upon between the insurer and the insured, the insurable value shall be calculated as follows:
(1) The insurable value of the ship shall be the value of the ship at the time when the insurance liability commences, being the total value of the ship's hull, machinery, equipment, fuel, stores, gear, provisions and fresh water on board as well as the insurance premium;
(2) The insurable value of the cargo shall be the aggregate of the invoice value of the cargo or the actual value of the non-trade commodity at the place of shipment, plus freight and insurance premium when the insurance liability commences;
(3) The insurable value of the freight shall be the aggregate of the total amount of freight payable to the carrier and the insurance premium when the insurance liability commences;
(4) The insurable value of other subject matter insured shall be the aggregate of the actual value of the subject matter insured and the insurance premium when the insurance liability commences.
第二百一十九条 保险标的的保险价值由保险人与被保险人约定。
　　保险人与被保险人未约定保险价值的，保险价值依照下列规定计算：
　　（一）船舶的保险价值，是保险责任开始时船舶的价值，包括船壳、机器、设备的价值，以及船上燃料、物料、索具、给养、淡水的价值和保险费的总和；
　　（二）货物的保险价值，是保险责任开始时货物在起运地的发票价格或者非贸易商品在起运地的实际价值以及运费和保险费的总和；
　　（三）运费的保险价值，是保险责任开始时承运人应收运费总额和保险费的总和；
（四）其他保险标的的保险价值，是保险责任开始时保险标的的实际价值和报名费的总和。
 
Article 220The insured amount shall be agreed upon between the insurer and the insured. The insured amount shall not exceed the insured value. Where the insured amount exceeds the insured value, the portion in excess shall be null and void.
第二百二十条 保险金额由保险人与被保险人约定。保险金额不得超过保险价值；超过保险价值的，超过部分无效。
 
Section 2Conclusion, Termination and Assignment of Contract
第二节 合同的订立、解除和转让
Article 221A contract of marine insurance comes into being after the insured puts forth a proposal for insurance and the insurer agrees to accept the proposal and the insurer and the insured agree on the terms and conditions of the insurance. The insurer shall issue to the insured an insurance policy or other certificate of insurance in time, and the contents of the contract shall be contained therein.
第二百二十一条 被保险人提出保险要求，经保险人同意承保，并就海上保险合同的条款达成协议后，合同成立。保险人应当及时向被保险人签发保险单或者其他保险单证，并在保险单或者其他单证中载明当事人双方约定的合同内容。
 
Article 222Before the contract is concluded, the insured shall truthfully inform the insurer of the material circumstances which the insured has knowledge of or ought to have knowledge of in his ordinary business practice and which may have a bearing on the insurer in deciding the premium or whether be agrees to insure or not.
The insured need not inform the insurer of the facts which the insurer has known of or the insurer ought to have knowledge of in his ordinary business practice if about which the insurer made no inquiry.
第二百二十二条 合同订立前，被保险人应当将其知道的或者在通常业务中应当知道的有关影响保险人据以确定保险费率或者确定是否同意承担的重要情况，如实告知保险人。
保险人知道或者在通常业务中应当知道的情况，保险人没有询问的，被保险人无需告知。
 
Article 223Upon failure of the insured to truthfully inform the insurer of the material circumstances set forth in paragraph 1 of Article 222 of this Code due to his intentional act, the insurer has the right to terminate the contract without refunding the premium. The insurer shall not be liable for any loss arising from the perils insured against before the contract is terminated.
If, not due to the insured's intentional act, the insured did not truthfully inform the insurer of the material circumstances set out in paragraph 1 of Article 222 of this Code, the insurer has the right to terminate the contract or to demand a corresponding increase in the premium. In case the contract is terminated by the insurer, the insurer shall be liable for the loss arising from the perils insured against which occurred prior to the termination of the contract, except where the material circumstances uninformed or wrongly informed of have an impact on the occurrence of such perils.
第二百二十三条 由于被保险人的故意，未将本法第二百二十二条第一款规定的重要情况如实告知保险人的，保险人有权解除合同，并不退还保险费。合同解除前发生保险事故造成损失的，保险人不负赔偿责任。
不是由于被保险人的故意，未将本法第二百二十二条第一款规定的重要情况如实告知保险人的，保险人有权解除合同或者要求相应增加保险费。保险人解除合同的，对于合同解除前发生保险事故造成的损失，保险人应当负赔偿责任；但是，未告知或者错误告知的重要情况对保险事故的发生有影响的除外。
 
Article 224Where the insured was aware or ought to be aware that the subject matter insured had suffered a loss due to the incidence of a peril insured against when the contract was concluded, the insurer shall not be liable for indemnification but shall have the right to the premium. Where the insurer was aware or ought to be aware that the occurrence of a loss to the subject matter insured due to a peril insured against was impossible, the insured shall have the right to recover the premium paid.
第二百二十四条 订立合同时，被保险人已经知道或者应当知道保险标的已经因发生保险事故而遭受损失的，保险人不负赔偿责任，但是有权收取保险费；保险人已经知道或者应当知道保险标的已经不可能因发生保险事故而遭受损失的，被保险人有权收回已经支付的保险单。
 
Article 225Where the insured concludes contracts with several insurers for the same subject matter insured and against the same risk, and the insured amount of the said subject matter insured thereby exceeds the insured value, then, unless otherwise agreed in the contract, the insured may demand indemnification from any of the insurers and the aggregate amount to be indemnified shall not exceed the loss value of the subject matter insured. The liability of each insurer shall be in proportion to that which the amount he insured bears to the total of the amounts insured by all insurers. Any insurer who has paid an indemnification in an amount greater than that for which he is liable, shall have the right of recourse against those who have not paid their indemnification in the amounts for which they are liable.
第二百二十五条 被保险人对同一保险标的就同一保险事故向几个保险人重复订立合同，而使该保险标的的保险金额总和超过保险标的的价值的，除合同另有约定外，被保险人可以向任何保险人提出赔偿请求。被保险人获得的赔偿金额总和不得超过保险标的的受损价值。各保险人按照其承保的保险金额同保险金额总和的比例承担赔偿责任，任何一个保险人支付的赔偿金额超过其应当承担的赔偿责任的，有权向未按照其应当承担赔偿责任支付赔偿金额的保险人追偿。
 
Article 226Prior to the commencement of the insurance liability, the insured may demand the termination of the insurance contract but shall pay the handling fees to the insurer, and the insurer shall refund the premium.
第二百二十六条 保险责任开始前，被保险人可以要求解除合同。但是应当向保险人支付手续费，保险人应当退还保险费。
 
Article 227Unless otherwise agreed in the contract, neither the insurer nor the insured may terminate the contract after the commencement of the insurance liability.
Where the insurance contract provides that the contract may be terminated after the commencement of the liability, and the insured demands the termination of the contract, the insurer shall have the right to the premium payable from the day of the commencement of the insurance liability to the day of termination of the contract and refund the remaining portion. If it is the insurer who demands the termination of the contract, the unexpired premium from the day of the termination of the contract to the day of the expiration of the period of insurance shall be refunded to the insured.
第二百二十七条 除合同另有约定外，保险责任开始后，被保险人和保险人均不得解除合同。
根据合同约定在保险责任开始后可以解除合同的，被保险人要求解除合同，保险人有权收取自保险责任开始之日起至合同解除之日止的保险费，剩余部分予以退还；保险人要求解除合同，应当将自合同解除之日起至保险期间届满之日止的保险费退还被保险人。
 
Article 228Notwithstanding the stipulations in Article 227 of this Code, the insured may not demand termination of the contract for cargo insurance and voyage insurance on ship after the commencement of the insurance liability.
第二百二十八条 虽有本法第二百二十七条规定，货物运输和船舶的航次保险，保险责任开始后，被保险人不得要求解除合同。
 
Article 229A contract of marine insurance for the carriage of goods by sea may be assigned by the insured by endorsement or otherwise, and the rights and obligations under the contract are assigned accordingly. The insured and the assignee shall be jointly and severally liable for the payment of the premium if such premium remains unpaid up to the time of the assignment of the contract.
第二百二十九条 海上货物运输保险合同可以由被保险人背书或者以其他方式转让，合同的权利、义务随之转移。合同转让时尚未支付保险费的，被保险人和合同受让人负连带支付责任。
 
Article 230The consent of the insurer shall be obtained where the insurance contract is assigned in consequence of the transfer of the ownership of the ship insured. In the absence of such consent, the contract shall be terminated from the time of the transfer of the ownership of the ship. Where the transfer takes place during the voyage, the contract shall be terminated when the voyage ends.
Upon termination of the contract, the insurer shall refund the unexpired premium to the insured calculated from the day of the termination of the contract to the day of its expiration.
第二百三十条 因船舶转让而转让船舶保险合同的，应当取得保险人同意。未经保险人同意，船舶保险合同从船舶转让时起解除；船舶转让发生在航次之中的，船舶保险合同至航次终了时解除。
合同解除后，保险人应当将自合同解除之日起至保险期间届满之日止的保险费退还被保险人。
 
Article 231The insured may conclude an open cover with the insurer for the goods to be shipped or received in batches within a given period. The open cover shall be evidenced by an open policy to be issued by the insurer.
第二百三十一条 被保险人在一定期间分批装运或者接受货物的，可以与保险人订立预约保险合同。预约保险合同应当由保险人签发预约保险单证加以确认。
 
Article 232The insurer shall, at the request of the insured, issue insurance certificates separately for the cargo shipped in batches according to the open cover.
Where the contents of the insurance certificates issued by the insurer separately differ from those of the open policy, the insurance certificates issued separately shall prevail.
第二百三十二条 应被保险人要求，保险人应当对依据预约保险合同分批装运的货物分别签发保险单证。
保险人分别签发的保险单证的内容与预约保险单证的内容不一致的，以分别签发的保险单证为准。
 
Article 233The insured shall notify the insurer immediately on learning that the cargo insured under the open cover has been shipped or has arrived. The items to be notified of shall include the name of the carrying ship, the voyage, the value of the cargo and the insured amount.
第二百三十三条 被保险人知道经预约保险合同保险的货物已经装运或者到达的情况时，应当立即通知保险人。通知的内容包括装运货物的船名、航线、货物价值和保险金额。
 
Section 3Obligation of the Insured第三节 被保险人的义务
Article 234Unless otherwise agreed in the insurance contract, the insured shall pay the premium immediately upon conclusion of the contract. The insurer may refuse to issue the insurance policy or other insurance certificate before the premium is paid by the insured.
第二百三十四条 除合同另有约定外，被保险人应当在合同订立后立即支付保险费；被保险人支付保险费前，保险人可以拒绝签发保险单证。
 
Article 235The insured shall notify the insurer in writing immediately where the insured has not complied with the warranties under the contract. The insurer may, upon receipt of the notice, terminate the contract or demand an amendment to the terms and conditions of the insurance coverage or an increase in the premium.
第二百三十五条 被保险人违反合同约定的保证条款时，应当立即书面通知保险人。保险人收到通知后，可以解除合同，也可以要求修改承保条件、增加保险费。
 
Article 236Upon the occurrence of the peril insured against, the insured shall notify the insurer immediately and shall take necessary and reasonable measures to avoid or minimize the loss. Where special instructions for the adoption of reasonable measures to avoid or minimize the loss are received from the insurer, the insured shall act according to such instructions.
The insurer shall not be liable for the extended loss caused by the insured's breach of the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
第二百三十六条 一旦保险事故发生，被保险人应当立即通知保险人，并采取必要的合理措施，防止或者减少损失。被保险人收到保险人发出的有关采取防止或者减少损失的合理措施的特别通知的，应当按照保险人通知的要求处理。
　　对于被保险人违反前款规定所造成的扩大的损失，保险人不负赔偿责任。
 
Section 4Liability of the Insurer第四节 保险人的责任
Article 237The insurer shall indemnify the insured promptly after the loss from a peril insured against has occurred.
第二百三十七条 发生保险事故造成损失后，保险人应当及时向被保险人支付保险赔偿．
 
Article 238The insurer's indemnification for the loss from the peril insured against shall be limited to the insured amount. Where the insured amount is lower than the insured value, the insurer shall indemnify in the proportion that the insured amount bears to the insured value.
第二百三十八条 保险人赔偿保险事故造成的损失，以保险金额为限。保险金额低于保险价值的，在保险标的发生部分损失时，保险人按照保险金额与保险价值的比例负赔偿责任。
 
Article 239The insurer shall be liable for the loss to the subject matter insured arising from several perils insured against during the period of the insurance even though the aggregate of the amounts of loss exceeds the insured amount. However, the insurer shall only be liable for the total loss where the total loss occurs after the partial loss which has not been repaired.
第二百三十九条 保险标的在保险期间发生几次保险事故所造成的损失，即使损失金额的总和超过保险金额，保险人也应当赔偿。但是，对发生部分损失后未经修复又发生全部损失的，保险人按照全部损失赔偿。
 
Article 240The insurer shall pay, in addition to the indemnification to be paid with regard to the subject matter insured, the necessary and reasonable expenses incurred by the insured for avoiding or minimizing the loss recoverable under the contract, the reasonable expenses for survey and assessment of the value for the purpose of ascertaining the nature and extent of the peril insured against and the expenses incurred for acting on the special instructions of the insurer.
The payment by the insurer of the expenses referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be limited to that equivalent to the insured amount.
Where the insured amount is lower than the insured value, the insurer shall be liable for the expenses referred to in this Article in the proportion that the insured amount bears to the insured value, unless the contract provides otherwise.
第二百四十条 被保险人为防止或者减少根据合同可以得到赔偿的损失而支出的必要的合理费用，为确定保险事故的性质、程度而支出的检验、估价的合理费用，以及为执行保险人的特别通知而支出的费用，应当由保险人在保险标的损失赔偿之外另行支付。
　　保险人对前款规定的费用的支付，以相当于保险金额的数额为限。
保险金额低于保险价值的，除合同另有约定外，保险人应当按照保险金额与保险价值的比例，支付本条规定的费用。
 
Article 241Where the insured amount is lower than the value for contribution under the general average, the insurer shall be liable for the general average contribution in the proportion that the insured amount bears to the value for contribution.
第二百四十一条 保险金额低于共同海损分摊价值的，保险人按照保险金额同分摊价值的比例赔偿共同海损分摊。
 
Article 242The insurer shall not be liable for the loss caused by the intentional act of the insured.
第二百四十二条 对于被保险人故意造成的损失，保险人不负赔偿责任。
 
Article 243Unless otherwise agreed in the insurance contract, the insurer shall not be liable for the loss of or damage to the insured cargo arising from any of the following causes:
(1) Delay in the voyage or in the delivery of cargo or change of market price;
(2) Fair wear and tear, inherent vice or nature of the cargo;
(3) Improper packing.
第二百四十三条 除合同另有约定外，因下列原因之一造成货物损失的，保险人不负赔偿责任：
　　（一）航行迟延、交货迟延或者行市变化；
　　（二）货物的自然损耗、本身的缺陷和自然特性；
（三）包装不当。
 
Article 244Unless otherwise agreed in the insurance contract, the insurer shall not be liable for the loss of or damage to the insured ship arising from any of the following causes:
(1) Unseaworthiness of the ship at the time of the commencement of the voyage, unless where under a time policy the insured has no knowledge thereof;
(2) Wear and tear or corrosion of the ship.
The provisions of this Article shall apply mutatis mutandis to the insurance of freight.
第二百四十四条 除合同另有约定外，因下列原因之一造成保险船舶损失的，保险人不负赔偿责任：
　　（一）船舶开航时不适航，但是在船舶定期保险中被保险人不知道的除外；
　　（二）船舶自然磨损或者锈蚀。
　　运费保险比照适用本条的规定。
 
Section 5Loss of or Damage to the Subject Matter Insured and Abandonment
第五节 保险标的的损失和委付
Article 245Where after the occurrence of a peril insured against the subject matter insured is lost or is so seriously damaged that it is completely deprived of its original structure and usage or the insured is deprived of the possession thereof, it shall constitute an actual total loss.
第二百四十五条 保险标的发生保险事故后灭失，或者受到严重损坏完全失去原有形体、效用，或者不能再归保险人所拥有的，为实际全损。
 
Article 246Where a ship's total loss is considered to be unavoidable after the occurrence of a peril insured against or the expenses necessary for avoiding the occurrence of an actual total loss would exceed the insured value, it shall constitute a constructive total loss.
Where an actual total loss is considered to be unavoidable after the cargo has suffered a peril insured against, or the expenses to be incurred for avoiding the total actual loss plus that for forwarding the cargo to its destination would exceed its insured value, it shall constitute a constructive total loss.
第二百四十六条 船舶发生保险事故后，认为实际全损已经不可避免，或者为避免发生实际全损所需支付的费用超过保险价值的，为推定全损。
货物发生保险事故后，认为实际全损已经不可避免，或者为避免发生实际全损所需支付的费用与继续将货物运抵目的地的费用之和超过保险价值的，为推定全损。
 
Article 247Any loss other than an actual total loss or a constructive total loss is a partial loss.
第二百四十七条 不属于实际全损和推定全损的损失，为部分损失。
 
Article 248Where a ship fails to arrive at its destination within a reasonable time from the place where it was last heard of, unless the contract provides otherwise, if it remains unheard of upon the expiry of two months, it shall constitute missing. Such missing shall be deemed to be an actual total loss.
第二百四十八条 船舶在合理时间内未从被获知最后消息的地点抵达目的地，除合同另有约定外，满两个月后仍没有获知其消息的，为船舶失踪。船舶失踪视为实际全损。
 
Article 249Where the subject matter insured has become a constructive total loss and the insured demands indemnification from the insurer on the basis of a total loss, the subject matter insured shall be abandoned to the insurer. The insurer may accept the abandonment or choose not to, but shall inform the insured of his decision whether to accept the abandonment within a reasonable time.
The abandonment shall not be attached with any conditions. Once the abandonment is accepted by the insurer, it shall not be withdrawn.
第二百四十九条 保险标的发生推定全损，被保险人要求保险人按照全部损失赔偿的，应当向保险人委付保险标的。保险人可以接受委付，也可以不接受委付，但是应当在合理的时间内将接受委付或者不接受委付的决定通知被保险人。
委付不得附带任何条件。委付一经保险人接受，不得撤回。
 
Article 250Where the insurer has accepted the abandonment, all rights and obligations relating to the property abandoned are transferred to the insurer.
第二百五十条 保险人接受委付的，被保险人对委付财产的全部权利和义务转移给保险人。
 
Section 6Payment of Indemnity第六节 保险赔偿的支付
Article 251After the occurrence of a peril insured against and before the payment of indemnity, the insurer may demand that the insured submit evidence and materials related to the ascertainment of the nature of the peril and the extent of the loss.
第二百五十一条 保险事故发生后，保险人向被保险人支付保险赔偿前，可以要求被保险人提供与确认保险事故性质和损失程度有关的证明和资料。
 
Article 252Where the loss of or damage to the subject matter insured within the insurance converage is caused by a third person, the right of the insured to demand compensation from the third person shall be subrogated to the insurer from the time the indemnity is paid.
The insured shall furnish the insurer with necessary documents and information that should come to his knowledge and shall endeavour to assist the insurer in pursuing recovery from the third person.
第二百五十二条 保险标的发生保险责任范围内的损失是由第三人造成的，被保险人向第三人要求赔偿的权利，自保险人支付赔偿之日起，相应转移给保险人。
被保险人应当向保险人提供必要的文件和其所需要知道的情况，并尽力协助保险人向第三人追偿。
 
Article 253Where the insured waives his right of claim against the third person without the consent of the insurer or the insurer is unable to exercise the right of recourse due to the fault of the insured, the insurer may make a corresponding reduction from the amount of indemnity.
第二百五十三条 被保险人未经保险人同意放弃向第三人要求赔偿的权利，或者由于过失致使保险人不能行使追偿权利的，保险人可以相应扣减保险赔偿。
 
Article 254In effecting payment of indemnity to the insured, the insurer may make a corresponding reduction therefrom of the amount already paid by a third person to the insured.
Where the compensation obtained by the insurer from the third person exceeds the amount of indemnity paid by the insurer, the part in excess shall be returned to the insured.
第二百五十四条 保险人支付保险赔偿时，可以从应支付的赔偿额中相应扣减被保险人已经从第三人取得的赔偿。
保险人从第三人取得的赔偿，超过其支付的保险赔偿的，超过部分应当退还给被保险人。
 
Article 255After the occurrence of a peril insured against, the insurer is entitled to waive his right to the subject matter insured and pay the insured the amount in full to relieve himself of the obligations under the contract.
In exercising the right prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the insurer shall notify the insured thereof within seven days from the day of the receipt of the notice from the insured regarding the indemnity. The insurer shall remain liable for the necessary and reasonable expenses paid by the insured for avoiding or minimizing the loss prior to his receipt of the said notice.
第二百五十五条 发生保险事故后，保险人有权放弃对保险标的的权利，全额支付合同约定的保险赔偿，以解除对保险标的的义务。
保险人行使前款规定的权利，应当自收到被保险人有关赔偿损失的通知之日起的七日内通知被保险人；被保险人在收到通知前，为避免或者减少损失而支付的必要的合理费用，仍然应当由保险人偿还。
 
Article 256Except as stipulated in Article 255 of this Code, where a total loss occurs to the subject matter insured and the full insured amount is paid, the insurer shall acquire the full right to the subject matter insured. In the case of under-insurance, the insurer shall acquire the right to the subject matter insured in the proportion that the insured amount bears to the insured value.
第二百五十六条 除本法第二百五十五条的规定外，保险标的发生全损，保险人支付全部保险金额的，取得对保险标的的全部权利；但是，在不足额保险的情况下，保险人按照保险金额与保险价值的比例取得对保险标的的部分权利。