土建工程合同技术附件（中英文）

PART 1 - GENERAL第一部分 概要
1.01        DESCRIPTION        工程描述
       A.    Extent of Work:  The extent of earthwork includes but is not limited to site
工程范围：土方工程范围包括，但不局限于场地清理，
 
clearance, excavation and backfilling of trenches and pits for structures, trenches for pipes, conduits, channels, walls, etc., excavation and backfilling for
结构沟槽，管道，渠道，挡墙等地沟的开挖与回填，
 
walkways and slabs, preparation of subgrade, provision of borrow pit fill
人行道和地板的开挖与回填，地基修整，提供借土坑填料，
 
materials and filling and compacting where required, backfilling and compacting
并对有要求的借土坑，进行回填夯实，现场回填夯实
 
satisfactory material on site and disposing of surplus and unsatisfactory materials
符合要求的土方料，在指定的堆放场地倒掉多余的以及不合要求的土方料
 
to approved dumping areas all as directed. The extent of works specified under
以下章节所指定的工作内容还应该包括白蚁的防治工作。
 
this section shall also include antitermite treatment and control Works.
 
1.02        QUALITY ASSURANCE      质量保证
       A.    Codes and Standards: Perform work in compliance with applicable requirements of safety codes and regulations.
规范和标准：施工应符合安全规范与制度的相关要求
 
       B.    Furnish samples and perform all tests and quality control required for the proper execution of the work, as stipulated in - Methods of Test for Soils for Civil Engineering Purposes (All Parts), and as required by the Engineer.
根据BS 1377中的规定- 针对土木工程（所有条款）的土工试验方法，以及工程师的要求，提供样本，以及进行正确施工作业所要求的工程质量控制和实验。
 
       C.   The Contractor shall conduct subsurface investigation at locations agreed with Engineer prior to commencement of the work. The Contractor shall submit for approval his proposed method of investigation.  Upon completion of the work, the Contractor shall submit a Geotechnical Investigation Report containing factual data and findings during the investigation, and geotechnical interpretations and recommendations, including but not limited to:
   在施工开始前，承包商应在工程师同意的地点进行地勘作业。承包商应提交其拟采用的地勘方法以获得批准。在地勘工作结束后，承包商应及时提交地质勘察报告，其内容应包括：在勘探过程中获取的真实资料和发现物，以及地质解释性资料和建议，包括但不局限于：
 
1.  Factual data containing the following information:     真实资料应包含以下内容：
a)    A statement on the purpose and rationale of the investigation.
对勘察目的以及原理的陈述
 
b)    A description of the work carried out, including reference to specifications and standards adopted and any deviations from them.
对已完成的勘察工作的描述，包括：所参考规范，所采用的标准和与其之间的偏差
 
c)    Exploratory bore hole logs.钻孔记录
d)    In situ test records.原位测试记录
e)    Laboratory test results.试验室测试结果
f)     Plan with locations of exploratory holes.探孔平面布置图
 
2.    The interpretive data shall include, but is not limited to the following information.   
      解释性资料应包含，但不局限与下列信息
 
a)    General geology.地质概况
b)    Subsurface conditions by area and soil profiles.区域地下状况和土壤剖面
c)    Groundwater condition.地下水情况
d)    Earthwork recommendations for:土方工程建议：
-      Excavation and backfilling土方开挖和回填
Including but not limited to, fill and cut slopes, compaction recommendation, water control including effects of artesian pressures if any, modulii of subgrade reaction, CBR values, fill settlement etc.
     包括但不局限于，填方和切削造坡，夯实建议，包括如有承压水在内的地下水防治，基底反应模量，CBR值。填土沉陷等等。
 
e)    Foundation recommendation for:对基础的建议为：
-      Deep foundations (piling)深基础（桩基）
-      Shallow foundation浅基础
Including, but not limited to, design parameters (bearing capacities), types, recommended levels, anticipated settlements, protection, etc.
包括但不局限于，设计参数（承载力），基础类型，建议埋深，预期沉降，基础保护等等。
 
       D.    Tests for Proposed Soil Materials:   对拟采用土料试验
1.    Test soil materials proposed for use in the work and promptly submit test report results to the Engineer for approval.
   测试本工程拟使用的土方料，并及时向工程师提交测试报告结果，以获得批准
 
2.    Provide optimum moisture-maximum density of relative density test data as appropriate for each type of soil encountered in subgrade, fills and backfills.  Determine maximum and relative densities in accordance with BS 1377.
提供适合于地基中遇到的每种土质以及填土和回填土的最佳湿度-最大相对密实度试验数据。依照BS 1377确定土的最大密度和相对密度。
 
3.    Determine the physical and mechanical properties and suitability of subgrade materials, fills and backfills.
       确定地基土料，填料和回填料的物理、化学性质及其适应性。
 
4.    Test for Proposed Materials:  Perform and report to the Engineer the following sampling and testing for the proposed subgrade materials, fills and backfills for each type of fill material all in accordance with BS 1377:
  拟使用土料的测试：根据BS 1377，对拟采用的土基材料，及各类填土和回填土进行以下测试和取样，并向工程师提交报告：
 
a.     Dry and Wet Preparation of Soil Samples for Particles-Size Analysis and                 Determination of Soil Constants         
    制备干、湿土样以进行颗粒粒径分析，并确定土壤常数
b.    Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit and      Plasticity Index of Soils  土的液限，朔限和朔限指数
       c.    Particle Size Distribution and the   Amount of Material Finer than the No. 200 Sieve        in Soils
    粒径分布，以及粒径小于200号筛的土在土壤中的含量
d.    Tests for In-Situ Density of Soil    土的原位密实度测试
e.     Moisture-Density Relations ofSoils Using 4.50 kg Rammer 457mm Drop.        Method D      使用4.50 kg击实锤，457mm落距，方法D，测试土的密与湿度的关系
       f.     Test for California Bearing Ratio    加利福尼亚承载比试验
       g.    Test for Relative Density of Cohesionless Soils       无粘性土相对密实度测试
       h.    Test for Density of Soil in Place    by the Rubber Balloon Method                 
     用 橡胶球测试法在现场土进行的密实度测试
 
5.    Minimum Test Required:  The above tests shall be carried out for each type of borrow pit fill material but not less than 3 each for every layer of borrow pit fill materials.
试验的最低要求：对每一类借土坑填土料都要进行上述试验，但借土坑中的每一层土料，测试点不得少于3个
 
E.    Anti-termite Treatment: Pre-constructional anti-termite treatment of soil along the perimeter of the building and soil faces in contact with the building including treating backfill with anti-termite materials as required shall be undertaken by an approved specialised Sub-contractor in accordance with the following main requirements and guidelines:
白蚁防治：根据要求在施工前，对建筑物周边土壤以及与建筑物直接接触的土壤表面进行防白蚁处理，包括用防白蚁药剂对回填土进行处理，应该根据以下主要要求和准则，让经批准的专业分包商来承担。
 
1.    The Contractor shall submit full details of the specialised Sub-contractor whom he proposes to use for the approval of the Engineer.
  承包商应向工程师提交拟使用的专业分包商的全部详细资料以获得批准
 
2.    The Contractor shall submit a method statement to the Engineer detailing the most appropriate method along with the rate of application for the existing site conditions and taking into consideration the configuration and lay of the building, for the approval of the Engineer before commencing any work. The contractor shall also furnish full details of the checmicals he proposes to use along with all necessary documental evidence as required for compliance with the regulations, local authorities requirements and proven track record. The most appropriate method to be used shall be decided at the time of construction after considering all aspects.
       在任何施工作业开始前，承包商应向工程师提交方法陈述以获得工程师的批准，该陈述应详细说明最适合的方法及针对场地实际情况的药剂施用量，并将建筑物的轮廓形状及位置考虑在内。承包商还要提交其拟使用的化学药剂的详细资料，并附带所所有必要的证明文件，如所要求遵守的规定，当地主管部门的要求和业绩记录证明。所采用的最适合本工程的施工方法应在经多方面考量之后，在即将施工时才能确定。
 
3.    However any approval accorded by the engineer shall not relieve the Contractor/Sub-Contractor of any responsibilities and contractual obligations.
   然而工程师的批准并不能减轻承包商、分包商的任何责任和合同义务。
 
4.    The treatment shall guarantee that the building will remain free from any termite activities for a minimum duration of 10 years after the completion of the Works. The specialised Sub-contractor shall give an undertaking that in the case of infestation of the said structure by any termite activities, he shall carry out such treatment(s) as may be necessary to render the structure free from termite infestation without any extra cost to the Employer, and till the end of the ten years period stated above.
    白蚁防治处理应确保在工程完工后至少10年之内 ，建筑物免受白蚁活动的侵害。专业分包公司应给出承诺，假如上述结构遭受白蚁活动的侵害，他应该在不增加业主额外费用的前提下，采用这种可能是必要的处理方法，以使得结构免于遭受白蚁活动的侵害，直到上述10年期限结束
 
1.03        JOB CONDITIONS    施工条件
       A.    Site information:  Subsurface investigation including boring, sampling, testing and foundation recommendation shall be carried out by the Contractor as specified in  1.02 C  herein above.
场地信息收集：如上文1.02 C所确定的包括钻孔，取样，测试在内的地勘和基础建议，应由承包商负责实施
 
       B.    Use of Explosives:  The use of explosives for the Work will not be permitted, nor shall the Contractor import any explosives into UAE in connection with the work under this Contract.
爆破的使用：本工程不允许采用爆破施工，按照本合同，也不能向与本工程相关的阿拉伯国家进口爆炸物品
 
       C.    Protection of Persons and Property:     人身及财产的保护
1.    Barricade open excavations made as a part of earthwork operations and post with warning lights.  Operate warning lights during hours from dusk to dawn each day and as otherwise required.
作为土方施工的一部分，对敞开挖基坑应设置围护，并架设警示灯。除另有要求外，从黄昏到黎明的每一天警示灯都应处于开启状态。
 
2.    Protect structures, utilities, pavements, and other facilities from damage caused by settlement, lateral movements, undermining, washout, and other hazards created by earthwork operations.
  防止由于沉降，侧移，坑道开挖，冲刷，以及由于土方施工而引起其他灾害对结构，市政设施，铺路面，及其他设施的破坏
 
3.    Take precautions and provide necessary bracing and shoring to guard against movement or settlement of existing improvements or new construction.  In carrying out excavation and other works close to existing structures and to prevent subsidence of the foundation of such structures, the Contractor shall provide and shall be responsible for the strength and adequacy of the necessary sheeting, bracing and shoring as required in order that the excavation, backfilling and any other work can be safely performed. The Contractor shall include in his rates for all additional temporary works that may be required to prevent any damage to such structures.
采取预防措施和架设必要的支撑系统来防止原有改建结构或新建结构发生位移和沉降。在靠近原建筑物附近进行开挖和从事其他施工作业，以及为防止该建筑物基础沉降，承包商应采用所要求的足够强度和数量的必要撑板和支撑，以保证开挖、回填和任何其他施工作业都能够安全进行，并对其负责。承包商的报价应包含为预防任何对这种结构的破坏所需采取的所有额外的临性工程。
 
PART 2 - PRODUCTS     产品
2.01        DEFINITIONS      定义
       A.   Satisfactory Soil Materials:  Satisfactory soil materials for backfill and fill are defined and shall comply with those detailed in. BS 1377
合格的土方料; 在BS 1377中定义了合格的填方料和回填方料，并应符合在BS 1377中所详述内容。
 
       B.    Unsatisfactory Soil Materials:  Unsatisfactory soil materials for backfill and fill and described in BS 1377, unless otherwise acceptable to the Engineer.
  不合格土料：在BS 1377定义不合格的填方料和回填方料，除非工程师能够接受
 
       C.    Cohesionless Soil Materials:  Cohesionless soil materials include gravels, sand-gravel mixtures, sands and gravelly-sands.
非粘性土料：非粘性土料包括砾石，砂砾，砂和砾砂
 
       D.    Cohesive Soil Materials:   粘性土
1.    Cohesive soil materials include clayey and silty gravels, sand-clay mixtures, gravel-silt mixtures, clayey and silty sands, sand-silt mixtures, clays, silts, and every fine sands.
  粘性土料包括粘土质和粉土质砾石，砂与粉土混合土，粘土，粉土，和特细砂
 
2.    Cohesive soil materials are defined as those having a plasticity index exceeding 11 and/or having amount passing U.S. sieve No. 200 exceeding 36%.
粘性土料被定义为那些朔性指数超过11和（或）通过美国200号筛的颗粒数量超过36%的土
 
3.    Soil material exhibiting cohesiveness and meeting the requirements of satisfactory soils shall be considered by the Engineer satisfactory soil material.
  那些显示出粘性的土料以及符合合格土质的土料，应该由工程师认定为合格土料
 
2.02        SOIL MATERIALS    土料
       A.    Backfill and Fill Materials:    回填料及填料
       1.    General:  Provide satisfactory soil materials for backfill and fill, free of rock or gravel larger than 50 mm in any dimension, and free of clay, debris, waste, vegetable and other deleterious matter.  Use excavated or borrow material that has been sampled, tested and approved by the Engineer as satisfactory soil material.
概述：为回填和填土提供合格的土料，不得含有任何粒径大于50mm的岩石或砾石，以及土块，碎砖瓦快，垃圾，植物和其它有害的物质。采用那些经过取样，测试和经工程师同意采用的开挖土和借土最为合格土料。
 
2.    Borrow:  Borrow shall consist of the excavation of material from borrow pits selected by the Contractor and approved by the Engineer.  He shall pay all royalties and bear all expense of developing the sources and of handling, hauling and placing the material at no additional cost to the Employer.
借土：借土应包含从经分包商的挑选的借土坑中挖取的土料，并经由工程师同意。分包商应支付所有许可开采费用和承担这种资源开发的所有费用，以及处理，搬运和放置这种土料，而不得向业主索取额外费用
 
       B.    Paved Areas:  Provide satisfactory soil materials, as defined, to have a soaked CBR of not less than 15% as determined by BS 1377.
铺装区域：提供合格的土料，如定义的那样，饱和CBR值不超过BS1377确定的15%
 
1.    Soil group classification A-3 shall not be used for top 200 mm of subgrade.
  A-3类土不得用于土基表面200mm之内的范围
 
2.03 ANTI-TERMITE TREATMENT MATERIALS防白蚁处理材料
Materials incorporated in the anti-termite treatment and control shall be included by the Contractor in his submittal. Full details of the chemicals he proposes to use along with all necessary documental evidence as required for compliance with the regulations, local authorities requirements and proven track record, shall also be submitted for the approval of the Engineer.
白蚁的处理与防治所使用的材料应包含在承包商所提交的资料中，其拟使用的化学药剂详细资料，与之一起的，符合法规所要求的所有必要的证明材料，当地行政管理部门的要求和经得起证明的业绩资料，都应该提交，并获得工程师的批准
 
PART 3 - EXECUTION       开挖
3.01        INSPECTION      检查
       A.    The Contractor shall examine the substrates and the conditions under which the earthwork shall be performed and correct any unsatisfactory conditions.  Do not proceed with the work until unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected in a manner acceptable to the Engineer.
承包商应检查下部土层和工作条件，在此基础上进行土方施工，并改正任何不符合要求的作业条件。只有当这种条件在以工程师能够接受的某种方式进行纠正之后，施工作业才能进行。
 
3.02        SITE CLEARANCE         场地清理
A.    Top Soil Removal:          表土清理
1.    Unsuitable top soil is defined as friable clay loam surface soil or other encrusted or objectionable surface soil found in depth of not less than 600mm.
不符合要求的表土被定义为易碎的粘壤土地表土，或其它板结或令人不满意的地表土
 
2.    Strip unsuitable top soil to a minimum 100 mm depths in fill areas, and in such manner so as to prevent intermingling with the underlying sub-soil. Stripping of top soil shall be subject to the approval of the Engineer.
在填方区，剥离至少100mm厚不适合的地表土，用这种方式可以防止与下部土壤相混合，表土清除取决于工程师的同意
 
B.    Disposal of Waste Material:  Transport waste materials, unsuitable materials, topsoil materials, trash and debris to approved dumping areas.
废弃土料的处理：运走废弃的，不适用的土和地表土，垃圾，废渣到指的定区域进行堆放
 
3.03        EXCAVATION      开挖
       A.    General:  Excavation consists of the removal of all materials encountered when establishing the required grade elevations, setting aside satisfactory soil material for reuse in backfilling and filling in trenches, around structures and walkways and disposal of unsatisfactory and excess materials.
综述：开挖包括移除在建立起所要求的基底高程过程中所有遇到的所有土料，并将合格的土料放置在旁边，并在地沟，建筑物周边和人行道施工中再次使用，以及处理那些不合格以及多余的土料
 
       B.    Unauthorized Excavation:   未经授权的开挖
1.    Unauthorized excavation consists of removal of materials beyond indicated subgrade elevations or side dimensions without the specific direction of the Engineer.  Replace unauthorized excavation as herein specified.
未经授权的开挖包括移除那些超过指定基底标高或超过指定周边尺寸的土料，而没有经过工程师明确指示的土方。替换这里所明确指示的非授权土方
 
2.    Under structures fill the unauthorized excavation with plain concrete, 14.0 MPa minimum compressive strength, to the required grade.  Backfill unauthorized excavation with satisfactory soil material only when acceptable to the Engineer.  Compaction of such backfill material shall be to its full depth and to not less than 97% of maximum dry density or 77% relative density as applicable.
在结构之下用不小于14.0 MPa抗压强度的素混凝土填回的非授权挖方部分，至要求的基底，仅仅在工程师接受的情况下，才可以用合格土料回填非授权挖方段。对这种回填土整个厚度范围内的土进行夯实，视具体情况，其最大干密度不小于97% ，相对密实度不小于77%
 
3.    Elsewhere, backfill and compact unauthorized excavations as specified for authorized excavations of the same classification unless otherwise directed by the Engineer.
  除工程师另有指示之外，在其他地方，回填和夯实非授权的挖方，可如同具体指定的同样类型区域的授权挖方一样处理
 
       C.    Additional Excavation:  When excavation has reached required subgrade elevations, notify the Engineer for the inspection of conditions.
额外挖方：当开挖至要求的基底标高时，通知工程师对现场情况进行检查
 
1.    If unsuitable bearing materials are encountered at the required grade elevations carry excavations deeper and replace the excavated material to the depth as directed by the Engineer and as follows:
如果在要求的基底标高处遇到不适合的承载土，应继续下挖，并替换工程师指定开挖深度范围内的土方，并遵循下列要求：
 
a.     Under paved areas use satisfactory fill materials compacted as specified.
在铺面区域，使用合格料回填，并按规定夯实
 
b.    Under foundations of structures use plain concrete filling of 14.0 MPa minimum compressive strength.
在结构基础之下，采用不低于14.0 MPa抗压强度的素混凝土回填
 
       D.    Classification of Excavations:  All excavations shall be done on an unclassified basis.  No consideration will be given to the nature of the materials, including that of rock.
挖方分类：所有开挖均应该为不分类开挖。不考虑土料的性质，包括岩石在内
 
       E.    Stability of Excavation:     挖方的稳定性
1.    Unless otherwise required, slope the sides of excavation to the angle of repose of the material excavated, otherwise shore and brace where sloping is not possible either because of space restrictions or stability of material excavated.
  除非另有要求，对开挖坑边进行修坡至开挖土料的休止角，而对于不可能修坡，或场地受严格限制或被开挖的土方稳定性不足的地方，就要采用支撑加固
 
2.    Maintain sides and slopes of excavations in a safe condition until completion of backfilling.
  保持挖坑边坡的安全处于安全状态，直到完成回填
 
3.    Take precautions to prevent slides or cave-ins in excavation.  预防挖坑滑坡或塌顶
       F.    Shoring and Bracing:    支撑
1.    The Contractor shall furnish, put in place and maintain such sheeting, bracing, etc. as may be necessary to support the sides of the excavation and to prevent any movement of earth which could in any way diminish the width of the excavation to less than that necessary for proper construction, or could otherwise injure or delay the work, or endanger adjacent services or structures.  If the Engineer is of the opinion that at any point sufficient or proper supports have not been provided, he may order additional supports put in at the expense of the Contractor.
   承包商应提供，安装和维护这样的支板、支撑杆等，其对基坑周边支护或许是必须的，可以防止土的任何位移，这种位移可以在任何方向减少基坑的尺寸，从而导致其小于正常施工所必须的尺寸，或引起其他方面的伤害或延误施工，或危及周边各种设施或结构。如果工程师判断在任何地点没有提供足够和正确的支撑，那么他或许指令增加支撑，该费用由承包商担负。
 
2.    Wherever possible, sheeting and bracing, shall be driven ahead of excavation to avoid loss of material from behind the sheeting; care shall be taken to avoid trimming behind the face along which the sheeting shall be driven.  Care shall be taken to prevent voids outside of the sheeting, but if voids occur such voids shall be filled and compacted with approved material.
   在任何可能的地方，支撑板和支撑应该在挖方之前，将其打入以避免支撑板后面的土方松动；应注意应避免修整挡板后面的土，应当心防止挡板外侧出现空洞，但假如出现了空洞，那么应该采用允许的材料将这些空洞回填和压实
 
3.    Sheeting and bracing shall be carefully removed in such a manner as not to endanger the construction or other structures.  All voids left or caused by the withdrawal of sheeting shall be back-filled immediately with approved material and compacted by ramming with tools especially adapted for that purpose or by other means as may be directed.  Sheeting and bracing for pipe trenches shall be designed in such a manner as to permit gradual withdrawal during the placing of pipe embedment or concrete or voids are left between the pipe encasement or embedment and the sides of the trenches.
挡板和支撑应该以不危及施工及其它结构的方式移除。所有留下空洞或由于移除挡板留下的空洞，应该用允许的材料立即回填，并用专用工具或按指定的其它方夯实。对于管道沟所采用的挡板和支撑应设计成，在铺设管填料或混凝土时可以允许缓慢取出，或在沟侧与管道填料或管道套之间留设空隙
 
4.    The Contractor shall, subject to approval of the Engineer, leave in place any sheeting, bracing etc., which is required or necessary to be left in place for the purpose of preventing injury to structures of property.
承包商应根据要求将挡板，支撑等等留在原处，或是基于防止对结构的损伤的目的将其留在原处
 
5.    The Contractor shall be responsible for any damage to the Works and for any injury to persons or property caused by or arising out of the removal of the sheeting and bracing.  The Engineer's permission or approval to the withdrawal of such sheeting and bracing shall not relieve the Contractor from this responsibility.
承包商应对由于挡板和支撑的移除而引起或由此产生的任何对工程的破坏，或任何对人员的伤害，及财产的损坏负责。工程师对移除这样的挡板和支撑的同意或批准，不能减轻承包商对此应承担的责任
 
G.    Excavation for Structures:结构挖方
1.    Conform to the elevations and dimensions shown on the drawings, within a tolerance of plus or minus 25 mm and extending a sufficient distance from foundations to permit placing and removal of concrete formwork, installation of services, and for other construction required, and for inspection.
  遵照图纸中的标高和尺寸，将误差控制在±25mm之内，并扩大与基础之间有足够距离，以便能够安装和拆除混凝土模板，安装辅助设施，和满足其他施工要求及方便检查
 
2.    In excavating for foundations, and underground structures, take care not to disturb the bottom of the excavation.  Excavate by hand to final grade and elevation.  Trim and compact bottoms to the required lines and grade to leave a solid base to receive structure.
   在基础和地下结构的开挖过程中，注意不要扰动基坑底部基土。用人工开挖至最终的基底和标高，修整和夯实基底达到要求的轮廓和平整度，以坚实地基承载上部结构
 
3.    Where rock is encountered under concrete footings, and the like, it may be necessary, depending on the condition of such rock, to excavate and remove any weathered rock to ensure that footings are founded on sound rock.  Engineer shall direct on site, as necessary.
在混凝土基础下方遇到岩石，或类似物的地方，视这种岩石的状况，或许有必要开挖或移除任何风化的岩石以确保基础能坐落在坚实的岩石上。
 
       H.    Excavation for Trenches for Piping:          管沟开挖
1.    Excavate trenches to the uniform width required for the particular item to be installed sufficiently wide to provide ample working room.  Maintain indicated maximum widths for pipe trenches at least 300 mm above crown of pipe.
某一安装要求足够宽的特别产品，要求将管沟开挖成统一的宽度，从而提供充足的作业空间，保持指定最大管道沟的宽度至少大于管道外壁300mm以上
 
2.    Excavate trenches to the depth indicated or required.  Carry the depth of trenches for piping to establish the indicated flow lines and invert elevations.  Excavate to additional depth as required for pipe bedding.
   管道沟开挖至指定或要求的深度。逐渐加深安装管道的管道沟的深度以建立起指定的流向和管底标高。超深开挖管底垫层所要求的深
度。
       3.    Where rock is encountered, the excavation shall be carried out 150mm below the indicated or required elevation and backfill and compact with satisfactory soil material.
在遇到岩石的地方，应在指明或要求的标高基础上向下开挖150mm,并用合格土料回填和夯实
4.    Grade bottoms of trenches as indicated.  Notch under pipe bells to provide solid bearing along the entire barrel of the pipe.
   按指示整平沟底。在管道喇叭口接头处下方开凹槽，并为整个管身提供硬质基底
 
5.    Do not backfill trenches until tests and inspection have been made and backfilling authorized by the Engineer.  Use care in backfilling to avoid damage to structures and/or displacement of pipe systems.
在测试和检查完之前不得回填管沟，且管沟的回填必须要经现场工程师授权，回填时，要当心避免损坏管道结构或使之移位
 
       I.     Excavation in Restricted Areas:  In conformity with the drawings, or as necessitated by site conditions or as directed by the Engineer, the Contractor shall carry out excavations in restricted areas or close to existing structures and utilities.  Such excavation shall, in general, be carried out by hand in order to safeguard such structures and utilities from any damage whatsoever.  The Contractor shall make good at his own expense any damage caused by him to such existing structures and utilities.
  在限制开挖区开挖：遵照图纸，或现场状况必须如此，或遵照工程师指令，承包商可以在限制开挖区或靠近原有结构和设施处开挖，总的原则是，无论什么情，为防止这样的结构和设施出现任何损坏，这样的开挖，应采用人工开挖。承包商应出资修复任何由自己对现有结构和设施所造成的损坏。
 
       J.     Walkway Subgrade in Areas of Cut:       挖方区人行道基底
       1.    When excavation has reached the required walkway subgrade elevations and the Contractor ensured the suitability of the subgrade material as stated in "Additional Excavation" hereinbefore, the top 400mm of such subgrade shall be completed as follows:
当挖方至所要求的人行道基底标高时，且承包商在已确保上述“额外挖方”条款所描述的基底材料的稳定性的基础上，基底面层以下400mm的土层应按下列要求夯实：
 
a.     Moisten or aerate subgrade material to provide the optimum moisture content of the available soil classified before, and compact to the required percentage of maximum dry density or relative density for each area classification as defined in "Compaction" Paragraph herein.
将基底料弄湿或晾晒以获得现成上述分类土的最佳含水量，且夯实至3.05节“夯实”里所定义的每种区域分类所要求的最大干密度百分比或最大相对密实度
 
       K.    Material Storage:        材料存放
1.    Stockpile excavated satisfactory soil material in approved locations, until required for backfill or fill.  Place, grade and shape stockpiles for proper drainage.
  将挖出的合格土料堆放到指定的位置，直到回填和填方时使用。堆放，整平和成形堆土以保证排水畅通
 
2.    Locate and retain materials required in the work a sufficient distance from the edge of excavations, even though such excavations may be sheeted and braced, to prevent such material falling or sliding into the excavations and to prevent cave-ins.
放置和保持施工中所用的土料距基坑边缘要有有足够的距离，即使基坑有挡板和支撑，以防止土料滑落进入基坑和防止塌顶
 
3.    Dispose of excess and unsatisfactory soil material and waste materials, trash and debris, as specified hereinafter.
   处理这里指定的多余的和不合格的土料，以及废料，垃圾和废渣。
 
3.04        BACKFILL AND FILL      回填和填方
       A.    General:
 
1.    Backfill consists of the placement of specified backfill material, in layers, over the ground surface to the required elevations, for each area classification listed below.
  对于后面所列每一种区域分类，回填包括在地表上分层回填指定的土料，至要求的高程
 
2.    Fill consists of the placement of specified fill materials, in layers, over the ground surface to the required elevations, for each area classification listed below.
对于后面所列每一种区域分类，填土包括在地表上分层回填指定的土料，至要求的高程
 
       B.    Backfill and Fill Materials:      回填料和填料
1.    Provide satisfactory soil materials for backfill and fill, free clay, rock or gravel larger than 50 mm in any dimension, debris, waste, vegetable matter, and other deleterious matter.
为回填和填方提供合格的土料，这些土料不得含有泥块，任何粒径大于50mm的岩石或砾石，碎渣，垃圾，有机物，和其他有害物质
 
2.    In any fills and backfills, use excavated or borrow material that has been sampled, tested and approved.
        对于任何回填和填方，要采用那些经取样，测试和批准的，挖出的或借来的土料，
 
       C.    Prior to backfill Placement:  Backfill excavations as promptly as the work permits, but not until completion of the following:
回填土回填前：一旦施工许可，就应迅速回填基坑，但只有当完成以下事情后方能进行：
 
1.    Approval by the Engineer of construction below finish grade including, where applicable, damproofing.
   在完成基底修整，包括，若有的话，防潮施工之后，经由施工工程师同意
 
2.    Inspection, testing, approval and recording locations of underground utilities.
          检查，测试，批准和记录地下设施的位置
3.    Removal of concrete formwork.     拆除混凝土模板
 
       4.    Removal of shoring and bracing, and backfilling of voids with satisfactory materials.  Cut off temporary sheet piling driven below bottom of structures and remove in a manner to prevent settlement of the structures or utilities, or leave in place if required.
拆除支撑，用合格土料回填留下的空挡。去除那些下部打入结构基底之下的挡板，和采用一种可以防止结构或设施沉降的方法拔除挡板，假如有要求的话，也可以将其求留在原地
 
5.    Removal of trash and debris.         清除垃圾和碎渣
6.    Permanent or temporary horizontal bracing is in place on horizontally supported walls.
              对用于水平支撑挡墙的永久或临时水平支撑应留在原地
       D.    Preparation of Surfaces to Receive Backfill and Fill:   回填和填土前的地表处理
1.    General:  Remove vegetation, debris, unsatisfactory soil materials, obstructions and deleterious materials from ground surface or excavation bottom, prior to placement of backfills and fills.
   总则：在回填回原土和借土之前，清理地面上或基坑底部的有机物，碎渣，不合格土料，障碍物和有害物质
 
2.    Under walkways (In Fill):  When the existing ground surface has a density less than that required for the particular area classification, replace unsatisfactory material, if any, break-up the ground surface, pulverise, moisture-condition to the optimum moisture content, and compact to the required depth and percentage of maximum density as specified in Paragraph 3.05 "Compaction" herein for walkways.
在人行道之下（填方区）：当原有表面土的密度小于指定区域分类所要求的密度时，置换不合格土料，若有的话，翻松地表土，弄碎，调节水分至最佳含水量，然后夯实至要求的厚度和如第3.05“夯实”一节所规定的最大百分比密度
 
       E.    Placement:   填土
1.    Place backfill and fill materials in layers not more than 200 mm compacted thickness.  Before compaction, moisten or aerate each layer as necessary to provide the optimum moisture content of the soil material.  Compact each layer to the required percentage of maximum density.  Do not place backfill or fill material on surfaces that contain excessive moisture preventing specified degree of compaction.
   分层回填原土和借土土料，每层厚度不超过200mm的夯实厚度。在夯实之前有必要对土层进行润湿或晾晒，以获得土料的最佳湿度。将每一层土夯实至要求的最大的百分比密度。不得在面上铺设那些含水量过高的原土和借土，以防达不到要求的密实度
 
2.    Around Structures:  Place backfill and fill material evenly adjacent to structure, to the required elevations.  Take care to prevent wedging action of the backfill against structures by placing the material uniformly around the structure to approximately the same elevation in each lift.
结构物周边：在临近结构物周边均匀地铺设原土和借土土料，至要求的标高。要留意通过在建筑物周边每次都均匀铺设同样标高的填土，来防止回填土的楔形作用反作用在结构物上
 
3.   Trenches:  Provide satisfactory soil containing no rocks or stone greater than 50 mm in size and free of other deleterious material.  Pipe embedment material is specified in the pipe utilities specification sections.
         地沟：提供不包含粒径大于50mm，以及其他有害物质的合格土料。用于埋设管道的材料在管道设施说明中有明确指定
 
3.05        COMPACTION     夯实
       A.    General:  Control soil compaction during construction, providing the minimum percentage of density specified for each area classification listed below.
  总则：在施工过程中控制土的夯实，以获取下列每个区域类别的最小百分比密实度
 
       B.    Percentages of Density Requirements and Area Classifications:  Compact soil for each area classification to the percentages for maximum dry densities and relative densities indicated in Table 3.05/A herein.
   密实度百分比要求和区域分类：夯实每类区域的土层至最大干密度和3.05表中所列的相对密实度
 
       C.    Moisture Control:     湿度控制：
1.    Where the subgrade or layer of soil material must be moisture-conditioned before compaction, uniformly apply water to the surface of subgrade or layer of soil material.  Apply water in a manner to prevent free water appearing on the surface during compaction operations.
打夯之前，在一些基底或土层料必须进行湿度调节的地方，要向基底或每层土料上均匀洒水。在压实作业期间，洒水应避免表面积水
 
2.    Remove and replace, or scarify and air dry, soil material that is too wet to permit compaction to specified density.
  清除和替换，或翻松和晾晒那些太湿的很难压实至规定密实度的土料
 
3.    Soil material that has been removed because it is too wet to permit compaction may be stockpiled or spread in approved locations and permitted to dry.  Assist drying by harrowing or pulverizing, until the moisture content is reduced to a satisfactory value as determined by moisture-density relation tests.
对于那些 因为太湿难以被压实，而被清除的土料，应在指定的地方将其堆放或散开并晾干。可以借助耙松或弄碎帮其晾干，直到含水量减少至通过含水量—密度关系测试所确定的满意值，
 
4.    Moisture in compacted fill or backfill material shall be maintained within 2% above or below the optimum moisture content as determined by BS 1377.
夯实后的填土或回填土中的含水量应保持在BS 1377中所确定的 最佳含水量2%上下
 
COMPACTION REQUIREMENTS  压实要求
AREA CLASSIFICATION            COHESIONLESS SOIL   COHESIVE SOIL
                                        BS 1377 Relative Density        BS 1377 Degree of
                                                                 Compaction
区域分类                         非粘性土  BS 1377                 粘性土
                                                                  相对密实度                           BS 1377 压实度
Under foundations and slabs         77%                      97%
on grade of buildings
基础底部和建筑地面楼板下部Trenches and Walkways
地沟和人行道a- Top 400 mm of subgrade
地基面层       400 mm         75%                      95%
b- Each layer more than   400 mm below subgrade                 70%                      90%
  地基以下大于400 mm范围内的每一铺土层
 
3.06        FINISH GRADING            最后修整
       A.    General:  Uniformly grade all areas within the limits of grading under this section, including adjacent transition areas.  Smooth the finished surfaces within the specified tolerances, compact and provide uniform levels or slopes between points where elevations are shown, or between such points and existing grades.
     总则：对包括临近过渡区域在内的和整平范围内的所有区域进行统一整平。将最终面层平整至规定的误差范围之内，夯实并在那些标注标高的点与点，或在这些点与原有地面之间修整成统一的标高或坡度。
 
       B.    Compaction:  After grading, compact subgrade surfaces to the depth and required percentage of maximum density.
夯实：在修整完之后，夯实规定的深度范围内的土层，并达到规定的最大密度百分比
 
3.07        ANTI-TERMITE TREATMENT:       白蚁防治
       A.    The Contractor/Specialised Sub-contractor shall follow the principle of creating a toxic barrier within the soil beneath and around the buildings, through which termites cannot pass. All internal and external backfill shall be treated prior to casting ground slabs.
  承包商和专业分包商应按在底部土壤之内和建筑物周边建立起毒性屏障的原则，这种屏障使得白蚁难以通过。在浇筑混凝土地板前，所有建筑物内部或外部的回填土都必须经过处理
 
       B.    Particular emphasis shall be given to site cleanliness during the works and the Contractor is to ensure that no timber cardboard or other cellulose containing materials discharged during the work are left in or on the ground on completion of the project.
     应该对在施工期间场地的清理做特别强调，承包商应确保土料中没有包含那些在施工过程中被遗弃的木质硬纸板或其它纤维素材料，或在项目结束时留在地面上
 
       C.    The contractor shall ensure that the treated areas shall not be disturbed by relevelling, digging or earth filling once the treatment is completed as this will diturb the chemical barrier. In case the treated areas are disturbed (in any way), the area shall be retreated to restore the chemical barrier at the Contrator’s expense.
   承包商应确保一旦处理结束后，不会因重新整平，开挖或填土而扰动那些经过处理的区域，因为这将破坏这种化学屏障。假如这些区域被扰动（用任何方式），那么承包商应自费对这些区域应进行重新处理以恢复这种化学屏障
 
3.08        FIELD QUALITY CONTROL     场地质量控制
       A.    Quality Control Testing During Construction:      施工过程中的质量控制测试
1.    Inspect and perform all testing and retesting to ensure that all the works conform to the specified requirements including evenness of surface tests and field density tests.
   检查和进行所有测试，以及重新测试以确保所有施工均符合指定的要求，包括地面平整度测试和场地密实度测试
2.    Inspect and ensure that all subgrade and fill layers conform to the specified requirements and obtain Engineer approval before further construction is performed thereon.
在下道施工开始前，检查和确保所有地基和填土层均符合指定的要求，并获得工程师同意 
                                
3.    Perform field density tests, in accordance with BS 1377
     依据BS 1377，对场地密实度进行测试
 
       4.    Trenches:    地沟
       a.     Make at selected locations at least one field density test of subgrade for every 200m2 area, but in no case less than three (3) tests per days operation.
   对于每一个200m2的区域，至少在一处场地选择一些位置进行地基密实度测试，但无论在任何情况下，在每天的施工过程中至少要进行3次测试
 
       b.    In each compacted backfill or fill layer make at selected locations at least one field density test for every  200m2 area but in no case less than three (3) tests per day's operation.
     在每200m2区域，在每一压实的回填土和填土层中至少应在一块场地上选择一处进行密实度测试，但无论在何种情况下，在每天的施工过程中至少要进行不少于3次的测试
 
              5.    Walkways:  Make at selected locations at least one field density test of subgrade or finish grade for every 500m2 area, but in no case less than three (3) tests per day's operation.  In each compacted fill layer make at selected location at least one (1) field density test for every 500 m2 area, but in no case less than three (3) tests per day's operation.
人行道：，至少在一块场地内选定一些位置对基底或完工后的地面进行密实度测试，但无论在何种情况下，在每天的施工过程中至少要进行不少于3次的测试。在每500m2区域内，在每一压实的填土层中，至少在一块场地上选择一些位置进行密实度测试，但无论在何种情况下，在每天的施工过程中至少要进行不少于3次的测试。
 
              6.    If, in the opinion of the Engineer, based on reports and inspection, the subgrade or fills which have been placed are below the specified density, provide additional compaction and testing until satisfactory results are obtained.
如果，根据工程师的意见，基于检测报告和现场检查，基础或已回填的填土低于所规定的密实度，就要进行额外的夯实和测试，直到获得满意的结果
 
       B.    Contractor’s Control of Anti-Termite Treatment Works:
       承包商对白蚁防治工程的监控
 
1.    The Contractor shall control the works of the anti-termite treatment specialized contractor and make sure that the Sub-contractor conducts the treatment works in accordance with the method statement submitted and approved by the Engineer.
承包商应掌控白蚁防治专业承包商的工作，且确保该分包商是按照其提交上来并获得工程师批准的方法陈述来开展防治工作
 
2.    Following completion works, the Contractor shall submit a counter-guarantee, in addition to that submitted by the specialized anti-termite treatment Sub-contractor, stating that the works have been carried out in accordance with the drawings and specifications and that the said structure shall be guaranteed free from termite infestation for a minimum period of 10 (ten) years from the issue of the completion certificate.
随着防控工作的结束，承包商应提交一份保证书，并附上专业白蚁防治分包公司保证书，声明防治工作依据图纸和技术说明已得到执行，以及能保证从完工证明书发出时算起，所说的结构最少在10内年不会受到白蚁侵害
 
3.09        TOLERANCES      偏差
       A.    Shape the surface of the areas under pavement, parking areas, walkways and shoulders to line, grade and cross-section with the finish surface not more than 20 mm above or below the required subgrade elevation, compacted as specified, and graded to prevent ponding of water after rains.
  将铺面区，停车区，人行道和路肩下面的区域表面整形成直线形，平整面和规则截面，且最终表面误差不超过所规定的基底标高±20mm
 
3.10        MAINTENANCE         成品维护
       A.    Protection of subgrade:  Protect subgrade from traffic and erosion, and keep free of trash and debris.  Repair and re-establish grades in settled, eroded and rutted areas to the specified tolerances.
地基保护：保护地基避免车行和侵蚀，和没有垃圾和残渣。整修和重建那些因沉降，侵蚀和车压过的区域至到达到规定的误差
 
       B.    Reconditioning Compacted Areas:  Where completed compacted areas are disturbed by subsequent construction operations or adverse weather, scarify the surface, reshape, and compact to the required density and re-test to ensure compliance with the specified requirements, prior to further construction.
    重修  压实区：在后续施工开始前，对那些因连续的施工作业或恶劣的天气而被侵扰的压实区域，应翻松地表，重新整修和压实至规定的密实度，并
重新测试以确保满足规定的要求
3.11        DISPOSAL OF EXCESS AND WASTE MATERIALS     处理多余的土和废料
       A.    Dispose of excess and waste material to approved dumping areas as directed.
按指示，在允许堆放的地方处理多余土料和废料