喜马拉雅条款(HimalayaClause)

喜马拉雅条款(HimalayaClause),又称“分立契约、赔偿以及抗辩、免责事项及责任限制条款”，(Sub-contracting, Indemnity and Certain Defenses, Exemptions and Limitations Clause),源自1953年英国"阿德勒诉狄克逊"一案。该案中，阿德勒夫人是一名游客，在搭乘P&O公司的一艘名为喜马拉雅号游轮时，于下船时因舷梯断裂而摔伤，由于阿德勒夫人持有的船票上载有承运人的疏忽免责条款，故阿德勒夫人转而以侵权行为对船长和水手提起诉讼。
船长和水手认为，作为船公司的雇员，他们有权享受船票上关于承运人免责的规定。法院判决认为，船票上的免责条款是船公司和乘客之间签订的，有权援引该条款的只能是该契约的当事人。作为船公司的雇佣人员无权享受不是由他签订的合同中免责条款的权利，结果是阿德勒夫人胜诉。现在，船公司为了避免此类事件的发生，通常会在合同中增加一条款，明确规定承运人的免责和限制赔偿金额的权利同样适用于雇佣人员和代理人，这就是所谓的喜马拉雅条款。《维斯比规则》和《汉堡规则》都承认了喜马拉雅条款的合法性。
《维斯比规则》第3条第2款对此作了明确规定：“如果这种诉讼是对承运人的雇佣人或代理人（该雇佣人或代理人不是独立的订约人）所提起，该雇佣人或代理人便有权适用承运人按照《海牙规则》的各项抗辩或责任限制的规定。”
 
例：喜玛拉雅条款Himalaya Clause
本合同规定的有利于打捞方或公司的全部例外、豁免、辩护、免除、责任限制、赔偿、优惠和条件将同样适用于打捞方或公司各自的分包人、经营人，船东(如果公司是光船承租人)、船长、高级船员和船员；也适用于各自的母公司、子公司、分公司或与其在同一管理下的所有法人团体，以及团体中的全部董事、高级职员、工作人员和代理人；也适用于代表双方实行合同的所有工作人员，代理人和分包人。打捞方或公司应充当上述人员、实体和船舶的代理人或受托人，并代表他们的利益，但目的仅限于为了将利益扩大给上述人员、实体和船舶。
All exceptions, exemptions, defenses, immunities, limitations of liability, indemnities, privileges and conditions provided by this Agreement for the benefit of the Contractor or the Company shall also apply to their respective sub-contractors, operators, the Vessel's owners (if the Company is the demise/bareboat charterer), masters, officers and crews and to all bodies corporate parent of, subsidiary to, affiliated with or under the same management as either of them, as well as all directors, officers, servants and agents of the same and to all parties performing services within the scope of this Agreement for or on behalf of the Contractor or the Company as servants, agents and sub-contractors of such parties． The Contractor or the Company shall be deemed to be acting as agent or trustee of and for the benefit of all such persons, entities and vessels set forth above but only for the limited purpose of contracting for the extension of such benefits to such persons, bodies and vessels．
 
国际保赔协会集团（IG）和波罗的海国际航运公会(BIMCO)修订并审查了用于提单和其他运输合同中的喜马拉雅条款(Himalaya clause)。协会审核了相关条款的措辞，并且建议会员修改有关的运输合同，并入该新条款。
喜马拉雅条款是在合同中赋予非合同方以利益的条款。在运输合同（例如提单）中，该利益是指尽可能免除运输合同承运人所雇佣的受雇人、代理人和独立合同人对合同的相对方（例如托运人、收货人、提单持有人）所承担的责任或者使其享有承运人所享有的抗辩权利。
 
国际保赔协会集团（IG）和波罗的海国际航运公会(BIMCO)修订的
喜马拉雅条款Himalaya Clause (全文)
 
(a) It is hereby expressly agreed that no servant, agent, direct or indirect subcontractor or other party employed by or on behalf of the Carrier, or whose services or equipment have been used in order to perform this contract (such persons so employed, or whose services or equipment have been used, hereinafter termed “Servant”) shall in any circumstances whatsoever be under any liability whatsoever to the shipper, consignee, receiver or other party to this contract (hereinafter termed “Merchant”) for any loss, damage or delay of whatsoever kind arising or resulting directly or indirectly from any act, neglect or default on the Servant’s part while acting in the course of or in connection with the performance of this contract.
在此明确同意，承运人的受雇人、代理人，直接或者间接分合同人，由承运人雇佣或代表承运人利益行事的其他人，或者其服务或设备被使用以履行本合同的人（这些被雇佣的人，或其服务或设备被使用的人以下称为”受雇人”）在任何情况下对于其直接或者间接的行为、疏忽或过失所导致的托运人、收货人、提货人或本合同下的其他相关方（以下称为“货方”）所遭受的任何货物灭失、损坏以及迟延交付都不承担任何责任；
 
(b) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing provisions in this clause, every exemption, limitation, condition and liberty contained herein (other than Art III Rule 8 of the Hague/Hague-Visby Rules if incorporated herein) and every right, exemption from liability, defence and immunity of whatsoever nature applicable to the Carrier or to which the Carrier is entitled hereunder including the right to enforce any jurisdiction or arbitration provision contained herein shall also be available and shall extend to every such Servant , who shall be entitled to enforce the same against the Merchant.
在不影响前述规定的情况下，合同规定的任何免责、限制、条件和自由（不包括海牙/海牙-维斯比规则第三条第八款，如果其已并入），以及承运人所享有的任何权利、免责、抗辩和豁免，包括执行合同中任何管辖权或仲裁条款的权利都被赋予这些“受雇人”以对抗货方；
 
(c)
(i) The Merchant undertakes that no claim or allegation whether arising in contract, bailment, tort or otherwise shall be made against any Servant which imposes or attempts to impose upon any of them or any vessel owned or chartered by any of them any liability whatsoever in connection with this contract whether or not arising out of negligence on the part of such Servant. The Servant shall also be entitled to enforce the foregoing covenant against the Merchant; and
货方保证无论是否由于“受雇人”的疏忽，都不能以合同、托管、侵权或者其他理由向或试图向“受雇人”或他们拥有/租用的船舶，就与运输合同有关的货物运输责任提出索赔或者据称的索赔；“受雇人”也有权以上述约定进行抗辩。
 
(ii) The Merchant undertakes that if any such claim or allegation should nevertheless be made, he will indemnify the Carrier against all consequences thereof.
货方保证一旦提出索赔或者据称的索赔，货方将补偿承运人由此产生的一切损失；
 
(d) For the purpose of sub-paragraphs (a)-(d) of this clause the Carrier is or shall be deemed to be acting as agent or trustee on behalf of and for the benefit of the Servant who shall to this extent be or be deemed to be a party to this contract.
在本条(a)-(d)款中，承运人是或者应被视为是代表“受雇人”或为“受雇人”利益而行事的代理人或受托人，“受雇人”在此情况下是或者应被视为是本运输合同的一方当事人。